﻿660 
  

  

  THE 
  NATIONAL. 
  GEOGRAPHIC 
  MAGAZINE 
  

  

  Photograph 
  from 
  Solita 
  Solano 
  

  

  THE 
  NEW 
  GALATA 
  BRIDGE 
  ACROSS 
  THE 
  GOLDEN 
  HORN 
  

  

  Long 
  famous 
  for 
  the 
  colorful 
  crowds 
  which 
  pass 
  between 
  Galata 
  and 
  Stamboul, 
  the 
  new 
  

   bridge 
  is 
  a 
  great 
  center 
  of 
  interest. 
  Street-cars 
  pass 
  to 
  and 
  fro, 
  and 
  the 
  small 
  steamers 
  

   which 
  connect 
  the 
  city 
  with 
  the 
  suburban 
  villages 
  tie 
  up 
  along 
  its 
  flanks. 
  Tn 
  the 
  blaze 
  of 
  war 
  

   the 
  rainbow 
  tints 
  so 
  common 
  here 
  were 
  dissolved, 
  and 
  Galata 
  bridge 
  has 
  become 
  almost 
  

   prosaic 
  in 
  its 
  hurried 
  busyness. 
  

  

  Until 
  recently 
  a 
  man 
  and 
  woman 
  did 
  

   not 
  walk 
  together 
  in 
  the 
  street, 
  and 
  up 
  to 
  

   six 
  years 
  ago 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  law 
  forbidding 
  

   them 
  to 
  drive 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  carriage. 
  And 
  

   if 
  a 
  husband 
  and 
  wife 
  met 
  in 
  the 
  streets, 
  

   it 
  was 
  contrary 
  to 
  custom 
  to 
  acknowledge 
  

   the 
  acquaintance. 
  

  

  Now 
  a 
  woman 
  may 
  walk 
  with 
  a 
  man 
  

   of 
  her 
  own 
  faith, 
  but 
  not 
  with 
  a 
  non- 
  

   Moslem, 
  although 
  she 
  may 
  receive 
  him 
  in 
  

   her 
  own 
  home. 
  

  

  The 
  street-cars 
  have 
  a 
  special 
  compart- 
  

   ment 
  in 
  front 
  reserved 
  for 
  Turkish 
  

   women, 
  and 
  if 
  a 
  woman 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  school 
  

   boards 
  the 
  car, 
  the 
  conductor 
  hastens 
  to 
  

   draw 
  moldy 
  red 
  curtains 
  to 
  protect 
  her 
  

   from 
  male 
  eyes 
  and 
  insure 
  her 
  privacy 
  

   while 
  she 
  lifts 
  her 
  veil, 
  rolls 
  a 
  cigarette, 
  

   and 
  borrows 
  a 
  light 
  from 
  another 
  woman. 
  

  

  COLLEGES 
  NOW 
  OPEN 
  To 
  WOMEN 
  

  

  With 
  "the 
  passing 
  of 
  harem 
  traditions, 
  

   women 
  have 
  advanced 
  from 
  childlike 
  

   ignorance 
  to 
  an 
  intelligence 
  that 
  has 
  as- 
  

   tonished 
  every 
  one 
  who 
  knows 
  of 
  the 
  con- 
  

   ditions 
  under 
  which 
  they 
  have 
  lived 
  for 
  

   hundreds 
  of 
  years. 
  Colleges 
  are 
  now 
  

   opened 
  to 
  them, 
  and 
  the 
  men's 
  medical 
  

  

  school 
  has 
  announced 
  its 
  readiness 
  to 
  in- 
  

   struct 
  girls. 
  But 
  outside 
  Constantinople 
  

   no 
  such 
  progress 
  has 
  been 
  made. 
  Many 
  

   women 
  still 
  veil 
  in 
  the 
  street 
  and 
  fear 
  

   every 
  man. 
  

  

  FIRES 
  HAVE 
  EEET 
  THEIR 
  TERRIBLE 
  SCARS 
  

  

  The 
  devastating 
  fires 
  that 
  have 
  ever 
  

   been 
  working 
  toward 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  

   Constantinople 
  caused 
  the 
  city 
  to 
  be 
  built 
  

   anew 
  every 
  fifty 
  years, 
  until 
  a 
  law 
  was 
  

   passed 
  prohibiting 
  the 
  construction 
  of 
  

   wooden 
  houses 
  on 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  burned 
  

   ones 
  ; 
  in 
  fact, 
  it 
  was 
  provided 
  that 
  no 
  

   houses 
  at 
  all 
  should 
  be 
  built 
  until 
  the 
  city 
  

   government 
  planned 
  new 
  streets. 
  

  

  Nothing 
  has 
  been 
  done 
  about 
  the 
  plan- 
  

   ning, 
  however, 
  and 
  the 
  result 
  is 
  that 
  one- 
  

   fourth 
  of 
  Stamboul 
  — 
  more 
  than 
  22,000 
  

   houses, 
  burned 
  during 
  the 
  past 
  twelve 
  

   years 
  — 
  still 
  lies 
  in 
  ashes. 
  Scutari, 
  too, 
  has 
  

   vast 
  ruined 
  sections. 
  So 
  has 
  Pera, 
  on 
  a 
  

   much 
  smaller 
  scale. 
  

  

  When 
  a 
  fire 
  starts 
  in 
  Stamboul 
  it 
  nearly 
  

   always 
  assumes 
  frightful 
  proportions. 
  In 
  

   the 
  fire 
  of 
  tqo8, 
  1,500 
  buildings 
  were 
  de- 
  

   stroyed; 
  in 
  that 
  of 
  1911, 
  2,463 
  houses; 
  

   the 
  following 
  day 
  an 
  entire 
  Jewish 
  quar- 
  

  

  