NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 



GEOGRAPHIC ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGS 

 SIXTEENTH AND M STREETS NORTHWEST, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



GILBERT GROSVENOR, President HENRY WHITE, Vice-President 



JOHN JOY EDSON, Treasurer O. P. AUSTIN, Secretary 



BOYD TAYLOR, Assistant Treasurer GEORGE W. HUTCHISON, Associate Secretary 



FREDERICK V. COVILLE, Chairman Committee on Research 



EDWIN P. GROSVENOR, General Counsel ' 



WILLIAM 



Assistant Editor 



EXECUTIVE STAFF OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



GILBERT GROSVENOR, editor 



JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE, Associate Editor 

 J. SHOWALTER RALPH A. GRAVES FRANKLIN L. FISHER 



J. R. 



Assistant Editor 

 HILDEBRAND, Chief of School Service 



Chief of Illustrations Division 



BOARD OF TRUSTEES 



CHARLES J. BELL 



President American Security and 

 Trust Company 



JOHN JOY EDSON 



Chairman of c the Board, Wash- 

 ington toaci & «Trust» Corapany 



oAvit) FAipjCiMa ."://; /. 



Vn 1 'Charge of Agricultural •Ex-» 

 plorations,. U. S. Department* i 

 *o<^ A&riaftitujra # •••• J. .j • 



c. v A \h *<m E^Rki^* : : •„• : •*. *. 



< Member National Academy o*f 

 ; . l Sciences # . ••*• 



Statistfaien . J *••*••"• • 



GEORGE R. PUTNAM 



Commissioner U. S. Bureau of 

 Lighthouses 



GEORGE SHIRAS, 30 



Formerly Member U. S. Con- 

 gress, Faunal Naturalist, and 

 Wild-game Photographer 



GRANT SQUIRES 



Military Intelligence Division, 

 General Staff, New York 



WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT 

 Ex-President of the United States 



FRANKLIN K. LANE 



Formerly Secretary of Interior 



C. M. CHESTER 

 V Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, For- 

 '• merly Supt. U. S. Naval Ob- 

 servatory 



FREDERICK V. COVILLE 



Botanist, U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture 



.'•RUDOLPH KAUFFMANN 



Managing Editor The Evening 

 Star 



T. L. MACDONALD 

 M. D., F. A. C. S. 



S. N. D. NORTH 

 Formerly Director U. S. Bureau 

 of Census 



JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE 

 Associate Editor National Geo- 

 graphic Magazine 



ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL 



Inventor of the telephone 



J. HOWARD GORE 



Prof. Emeritus Mathematics, The 

 George Washington University 



A. W. GREELY 



Arctic Explorer, Major General 

 U. S. Army 



GILBERT GROSVENOR 



Editor of National Geographic 

 Magazine 



GEORGE OTIS SMITH 



Director of U. S. Geological 

 Survey 



O. H. TITTMANN 



Formerly Superintendent of 

 U. S. Coast and Geodetic 

 Survey 



HENRY WHITE 



Member American Peace Com- 

 mission, and Recently U. S. 

 Ambassador to France, Italy, 



ORGANIZED FOR "THE INCREASE AND DIFFUSION OF GEOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE" 



'"TO CARRY out the purposes for which it was 

 *- founded thirty-three years ago, the National Geo- 

 graphic Society puhlishes this Magazine. All receipts 

 .ire invested in the Magazine itself or expended 

 directly to promote geographic knowledge. 



ARTICLES and photographs are desired. For ma- 

 ' ■ \< ial which the Magazine can use, generous remu- 

 neration is made. Contributions should be accom- 

 panied by an addressed return envelope and postage. 



[MMEDIATELY after the terrific eruption of the 

 1 world's largest crater, Mt. Katmai, in Alaska, a Na- 

 tional Geographic Society expedition was sent to make 

 observations of this remarkable phenomenon. Four 

 expeditions have followed and the extraordinary 

 Cientific data resultant given to the world. In this 

 vi< imty an eighth wonder of the world was discovered 

 and explored "The Valley of Ten Thousand 

 Smokes," a vast area of steaming, spouting fissures. 

 This area has ]„ en created a National Monument by 

 proclamation of the President of the United States. 



""TIIF Society organized and supported a party, 

 which made a three-year study of Alaskan glaciers. 



I OLOGISTS weir sent to study the Mt. Pelec, 

 I. a Soufriere, and Messina disasters. 



G 



A T AN expense of over $50,000 The Society sent a 

 -^* notable series of expeditions into Peru to investi- 

 gate the traces of the Inca race. Their discoveries 

 form a large share of our knowledge of a civilization 

 which was waning when Pizarro first set foot in Peru. 



'"FHE Society also had the honor of subscribing a 

 A substantial sum to the historic expedition of 

 Admiral Peary, who discovered the North Pole. 



VfOT long ago The Society granted $25,000, and in 

 *-™ addition $75,000 was given by individual members 

 through The Society to the Federal Government when 

 the congressional appropriation for the purchase was 

 insufficient, and the finest of the giant sequoia trees 

 of California were thereby saved for the American 

 people and incorporated into a National Park. 



'"THE Society is conducting extensive explorations 

 *■ and excavations in Northwestern New Mexico, 

 which was one of the most densely populated areas 

 in North America before Columbus came, a region 

 where prehistoric peoples lived in vast communal 

 dwellings whose ruins are ranked second to none 

 of ancient times in point of architecture, and whose 

 customs, ceremonies, and name have been engulfed 

 in an oblivion more complete than any other people 

 who left traces comparable to theirs. 



Copyright, [921, by National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. All rights reserved. 



