THE NEW MAP OF EUROPE" 



Showing the Boundaries Established by the Peace Con- 

 ference at Paris and by Subsequent Decisions 

 of the Supreme Council of the Allied 

 and Associated Powers 



By Ralph A. Graves 



In order to make the New Map of Europe of service to the largest number 

 of Geographic readers, it has seemed preferable to retain the familiar forms of 

 place names rather than adopt those conformable to the tongues of the several 

 new nations within whose boundaries they now appear. It is the indisputable right 

 of the inhabitants of a country to say how its geographic names shall be spelled and 

 pronounced, but it would be a source of confusion to the average student to have 

 his entire geographical and historical background swept away by the elimination, 

 for example, of Prague in favor of the Czechoslovak form of Praha ; of Warsaw 

 in favor of its Polish equivalent, Warszawa ; of Vilna in favor of the Lithuanian 

 Vilnius; of Danzig in favor of the Polish Gdansk; and of Fiumc in favor of the 

 Slavic Rieka. (See also pages 143 and 145.) 



THE NEW MAP of Europe is 

 before us, born of the treaties of 

 peace with the vanquished Central 

 Powers. These treaties — those of Ver- 

 sailles with German)^ and Hungary, that 

 of St. Germain with Austria, that of 

 Xeuilly with Bulgaria, and that of Sevres 

 with Turkey — purport to erect new 

 boundary lines between countries of con- 

 flicting economic interests, antagonistic 

 racial distinctions, and rival historic tra- 

 ditions. 



How long these boundary lines are re- 

 spected and how materially, as necessity 

 arises, they can be modified without re- 

 sort to force will depend upon the wis- 

 dom exercised by those statesmen upon 

 whom devolved the responsibilities grow- 

 ing out of the greatest conflict of human 

 history ; how long these boundaries can 

 be made to endure against the assaults of 

 predatory interests, each nation against 

 its neighbors, depends upon the firmness 



* Additional copies of the New Map of 

 Europe (30x33 inches), with index, may be 

 obtained from the headquarters of the National 

 Geographic Society, Washington, D. C, at 

 $i.co each, paper edition, and $1.50, mounted 

 on linen. This is the most legible map of 

 convenient size issued in America since the 

 Teace Conference in Paris. 



with which the concert of nations exerts 

 its influence for peace. 



Writing in the National Geographic 

 Magazine for December, 1918, Dr. Ed- 

 win A. Grosvenor, in "The Races of Eu- 

 rope," said of the then forthcoming peace 

 conference : 



"Eor the first time in human experi- 

 ence, the effort is being made by victors 

 after a great war to trace the new fron- 

 tiers in accordance with the racial aspira- 

 tions and affinities of the peoples in- 

 volved. Because of the impossibility of 

 defining exactly the limits of a race, many 

 heart-burnings are inevitable in the new 

 adjustment of European boundaries." 



The results of the Peace Conference at 

 Paris and of the subsequent conferences 

 of the Supreme Council are represented 

 in the Map of Europe which is issued 

 as a supplement to this number of Tin: 

 Geographic. y 



t The student will find the National Geo- 

 grapic Society's Map of the Races of Europe, 

 issued as a supplement to the December, [918, 

 number, of special interest for comparative 

 purposes, showing to what extent ethnographic 

 frontiers have been followed in the revision of 

 the political map of Europe. Kxtra copies o\ the 

 "Races" map may be obtained from the head- 

 quarters of the Society in Washington; paper. 

 50 cents ; linen, $1.00. 



