THE NEW MAP OF EUROPE 



175 



provinces of Croatia and Slavonia and 

 part of Banat, and by the treaty with 

 Bulgaria three small areas, including 

 Tsaribrod and Strumitsa, have been 

 added (see page 165). Austria and Hun- 

 gary jointly surrendered the provinces of 

 Bosnia and Herzegovina, over which the 

 former Emperor-King had extended his 

 sovereignty in 1908. 



MONTENEGRO IS ABSORBED; ALBANIA 

 REMAINS INDEPENDENT 



In addition, the former Kingdom of 

 Montenegro has been absorbed. As to 

 the former Kingdom of Serbia, it would 

 perhaps be more nearly proper to speak 

 of its expansion to include Jugo-Slavia 

 than of its "absorption" by the new state. 

 It is the Serbian King Peter I who occu- 

 pies the throne of Jugo-Slavia in the 

 capital city of Belgrade. 



The new boundaries make Jugo-Slavia 

 a state three times the size of pre-war 

 Serbia, with a population roughly esti- 

 mated at 14,500,000, which is more than 

 three times that of Serbia in 1914. 



Xo part of Albania's boundaries is as 

 yet definitely fixed, but as tentatively 

 shown on the accompanying map the 

 state has an area about twice the size of 

 Connecticut, with a population estimated 

 at something less than a million — not 

 greatly at variance from pre-war Al- 

 bania.* The Austrians overran most of 

 Albania in 19 16, but in June, 191 7, the 

 general in command of Italian forces in 

 the country proclaimed it an independent 

 state. 



Up to a few months ago, it was Italy's 

 expressed desire to establish a protect- 

 orate over Albania, but such a policy has 

 been abandoned, and the principal sea- 

 port Avlona (Valona) has been evacu- 

 ated by Italian forces. Italy, however, 

 has retained possession of the island of 

 Saseno, which commands the entrance to 

 the Gulf of Avlona. 



ITALY REDEEMS ITS PEOPLE EROM THE 

 AUSTRIAN YOKE 



Italy's acquisition of the islands of the 

 Adriatic previously mentioned consti- 



* See "Recent Observations in Albania." by 

 Brigadier General George P. Scriven, U. S- A., 

 in the National Geographic Magazine for 

 August, 19 18. 



tutes only a small part of its territorial 

 gains as a result of the war. "Italia 

 Irredenta" is once more under Italian 

 sovereignty.f The redeemed area in- 

 cludes the Trentino region, Gorizia and 

 the Istrian peninsula, together with the 

 great seaport of Trieste, thus insuring 

 Italian control of the Gulf of Venice and 

 all the north Adriatic littoral. The sur- 

 vey of the boundaries and enumeration 

 of the population are not yet completed, 

 but it is estimated that the area gained is 

 between 15,000 and 18,000 square miles, 

 with nearly 2,000,000 inhabitants. 



In addition to this region, Italy is ad- 

 ministering the important island of 

 Rhodes for a period of fifteen years, at 

 the end of which time a plebiscite is to 

 determine whether or not it shall be 

 ceded to Greece (see also page 167). The 

 small island of Kastelorizo (Castellor- 

 izzo), near Kekova Bay (Asia Minor), 

 is acquired by Italy through a provision 

 of the Turkish Treaty. 



GREECE PROFITS GREATLY, WITH POSSIBLE 

 RESERVATIONS 



By the time of the distribution of this 

 number of The Geographic the status 

 of Greece as shown on the accompanying 

 map may have changed materially, owing 

 to the repudiation by the Greek people of 

 their distinguished statesman, Premier 

 Venizelos — a course which the Allied 

 Powers seem inclined to construe as a 

 Germanophile reaction. 



But if the territorial gains as originally 

 provided by the Allies are allowed to 

 stand, no nation will have profited more 

 in proportion to its pre-war importance 

 than Greece. In addition to the acquisi- 

 tion of Thrace and numerous islands of 

 the JEgean, the Kingdom of the Hellenes 

 also assumes administration of the im- 

 portant Smyrna district in Asia Minor, 

 with the proviso that a plebiscite be held 

 at the end of five years to determine 

 whether or not it shall remain perma- 

 nently in Greek hands. 



Restoration of Constantinople to Greece 

 after nearly five centuries of Turkish oc- 

 cupation is not a chimerical dream of the 



t See "Austro-Italian Mountain Frontiers" 

 and "Frontier Cities of Italy," by Florence 

 Craig Albrecht. in the National Geographic 

 Magazine for April and June, 1915. 



