HAMLYN'S MENAGERIK MAGAAZINE. 
brought up with another animal, they retain this 
friendship when full grown. A Cheetah in the 
Pretoria Gardens grew up with a Baboon, and 
they were firm friends until death parted them. 
There is al present a full-grown example in the 
Pretoria Gardens which has a common cat for 
its companion, and very good friends they arc too. 
In the cage next door to the Cheetah is a Leopard 
of about the same age, and, like it, hand-reared. 
The difference in the natures of the two brutes 
can be seen any day at meal times, as the Leopard 
becomes nasty when it sees blood, and has to be 
chained up before the keeper can enter its cage 
with the meat, whereas the Cheetah's cage can 
be entered as fearlessly at feeding times as on any 
other occasion. 
UNGULATA. 
Pachyderms. — Elephants arc, as is well known, 
wonderfully intelligent animals, but the males, 
when adult, are of very uncertain temper. Bart- 
lett, who devoted much study to these huge ani- 
mals on account of his fondness for them, says 
in his first book, "Wild Animals in Captivity," 
that when the males are about 20 years of age 
the\- require careful management. He also makes 
the assertion that although he knew the attacks 
of wildness of the famous African Elephant "Jum- 
bo" could have been subdued by reducing his 
food supply, chaining him up, and flogging him, 
he feared disastrous results would ensue from kind- 
hearted and over-sensitive people. He goes on 
to say : — 
" It is only those who have had experience 
in the management of an Elephant who are 
aware that unless the person in charge of him 
is determined to> be master and overpower him, 
that person will lose control over him." 
And later on, in the same book : — 
"The stupid interference of people ignorant 
of the* subject would expose the people in charge 
to be condemned." 
Bartlett considered that, although African 
Elephants may not be as docile as "the Indian 
species, they would prove quite as tractable and 
useful. "Jumbo" was exceedingly intelligent, 
and, as above mentioned, was an African Ele- 
phant. "Alice," the Elephant that followed 
"Jumbo," was also of this species. We possess. 
a young African animal, answering to the name of 
"Dora, whose age I would not judge to be about 
ten or eleven years. Six months after we received 
her — she was wild caught in Rhodesia — we could 
ride and guide her about the Gardens as easilv as 
the full-grown and well-trained Indian Elephant. 
She also learnt to beg within a few weeks, and is 
quicker and keener in this department than her 
older and better-educated companion. It is, there- 
fore, a mystery to me why no use, so far, has been 
made of the African Elephants in this countrv, 
especially in Rhodesia. 
Hagcnbeck says in his work, "Beasts and 
Men," when giving some of his experiences with 
Elephants, that "clever animals are liable to 
moods with which it is not always possible to 
reckon." He then details an accident that he had 
with a female Elephant, which nearly killed him 
out of pure "cussedness," although females are 
seldom dangerous, and in this arc quite unlike the 
adult males. The latter, as 1 have previously men- 
tioned, often get out of hand during the "must" 
periods. However, to emphasise the variation of 
temperament of individual animals of a species, 
it is worthy of note that one of the tamest, most 
intelligent, and most affectionate Elephants ever 
possessed by Hagenbeck was an adult male. 
The Rhinoceros is, on the other hand, a stupid 
animal. Bartlett says : — 
"When very young and small it is usually 
not bad tempered .... but long before the 
beast becomes adult it is dangerous to enter the 
den or paddock when the animal is at liberty." 
Hagenbeck says they are easy animals to 
tame when young. This has been my experience 
with both our specimens. The male is now about 
eight years old, and just about adult. He is also 
beginning to become nasty, sometimes attempting 
to poke people who approach too near the fence. 
The little female purchased in December, 1914, is 
ridiculously tame, and walks solemnly up to the 
fence as soon as she is called by name. With the 
Llippopotamus I have not had any experience 
beyond the bull which has now been in the col- 
lection for over eight years, and which gets periods 
of unruly and uncertain temper much like the 
"must" periods of a male Elephant. 
Deer and Antelope. — Bartlett has the follow- 
ing paragraph in his "Wild Animals in Cap- 
tivity" : — • 
"On the other hand, take the vegetable- 
feeding- class, such as stags, antelopes, oxen, 
sheep, or goats; obtain any of these from their 
birth and rear them by hand, and in all in- 
stances, with few exceptions, they become, 
when adult, the most savage and dangerous 
animals in existence. . . . Another remarkable 
fact connected with these vegetable-feeding 
horned animals that have been bred in captivity 
(not petted and handled) and reared by the 
parent, is that they are the wildest creatures in 
the world if anything is attempted to be dene 
with them in the shape of catching, packing up, 
or moving them from one place to another." 
This I can heartily endorse. The males of 
Deer (Stags) sometimes become very vicious in 
the breeding season, and Bartlett says it is advisa- 
ble to cut off the antlers of such males as soon as 
they become hard, in order to prevent them from 
injuring the females. I have not vet tried this, 
but we have from time to time lost female Deer 
through the savage nature of the Stag, which had 
