HAMLYN'S MENAGERIE MAGAZINE. 
flour not up to the Board of Trade standard for 
human consumption, and by ship's biscuits which 
have made one or two voyages unused and are 
then rejected as no longer fit for issue. The sale 
of bags of stale bread to the public for feeding the 
animals has been stopped. 
Wheat is no longer used for any of the mam- 
mals or water-fowl. As substitutes we use dari, 
paddy rice, and locust beans. 
Oats. — The quantity used has already been 
very greatly reduced and the remainder is being 
successfully replaced by a mixture of split horse 
beans and maize. 
Hay. — The hay used in the gardens consists 
of those trusses which the Army buyer, who buys 
first, has not selected. Arrangements have been 
made to use the cut grass from the London parks 
and squares, and to use larger quantities of 
foliage. 
Fish. — The fish used is unsuitable for human 
food, except some small quantities required by 
birds to which salted or stale fish is fatal. 
Eggs. — The eggs used for small soft-billed 
birds are Chinese pickled eggs or undersized im- 
ported eggs. 
Fruit. — Bananas, formerly used for a very 
large number of the small mammals and birds, 
have been, to a great extent, replaced by boiled 
mangold wurzels and beetroots. Some few small 
and delicate mammals and birds refuse to take 
beetroot, but these exceptions are insignificant. 
The bananas which are still used, as far as possi- 
ble are over-ripe ones, unfit for table purposes, 
but quite nutritious for animals. The dates used- 
are of a quality not up to the Board of Trade 
standard for human food. 
Sugar. — The sugar used for the animals con- 
sists of what is known in the trade as " foot" 
sugar, which is not suitable for human food, and 
the total quantity amounts to about 51b. a week. 
Greens. — About 11 bushels are used a week, 
but these consist of those not sold for human 
consumption. 
The following Fellows of the Society were 
elected as new Members of the Council : — Lord 
Harcourt, Lord Sligo, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir 
Henry McMahon, Lieutenant-Colonel S. M. Cope- 
man, F.R.S., Mr. R. H. Burne, and Mr. W. 
Huntsman. 
SPRINGBOK BREEDING IN SOUTH 
AFRICA. 
A correspondent writes to the "P. E. Adver- 
tiser" : — All those associated with the farming 
industry are aware that the springbok is the one 
class of game that is rapidly on the increase 
throughout the Union. Every farmer who has 
suitable veld is getting his land stocked with these 
animals, either from a love of sport or simply is 
a business undertaking. The bucks sell on the 
Kimberley, Johannesburg and Bloemfontein mar- 
kets throughout the season at anything from 15/- 
to 30/- each, and "springbok farming" is already 
recognised as an important branch of thei stock- 
farmer's business, which is capable of great 
development, and which, when the export of South 
African meat to the London market has become 
a permanent industry, will no doubt grow to huge 
dimensions, as there is no animal of equal size 
whose flesh is of such excellent quality and so 
greatly esteemed. 
On the variability in the nature or tem- 
perament of Wild Animals in captivity, 
with special reference to South African 
Species. 
{continued.') 
By Alwin K. Haagner F.Z.S., 
Director, National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria. 
In Pretoria we have three Lions (two females 
and a male). The young female, although men- 
agerie-born, cannot be trusted, and always appears 
to be watching for a chance of seizing one. The 
old Lioness and the Lion, on the other hand, are 
tame and trustworthy, and during all the years 
that I have known them, have never attempted 
to bite or scratch me. They know me so well, 
too, that one call is usually sufficient to bring them 
out and up to the bars for the customary patting' 
and stroking". 
The two Tigers which we possess, on the 
other hand, are fierce, savage brutes. They show 
especial animosity towards their keeper, and 
seem to dislike everyone connected with the Gar- 
dens. They nevertheless remain supremely in- 
different to the general public. Hagenbeck men- 
tions several cases, however, where Bengal Tigers 
have been most trustworthy animals, and pos- 
sessed excellent memories for the master whom 
they had learnt to know and to love. 
The Cheetah is, according to Bartlett, "timid, 
gentle, and very excitable." I have found Chee- 
tahs certainly gentle and rather shy, becoming- 
excited at the approach of any unknown animal; 
but most carnivores would do this. Cheetahs seem 
to be more trustworthy than any of the other 
larger felines, and, as is generally known, they 
are trained and used by the Hindoos to chase and 
capture game, especially Blackbuck. When 
