94 
HAMLYN'S MENAGERIE MAGAZINE. 
most extinct trumpeter swam, one of the finest 
species of North American waterfowl. The park 
owned a single female of this rare swan and efforts 
are now being made to mate these surviving 
birds and preserve the species from extinction. 
The two swans are quartered in an ideal place, 
and although they were apparently placed to- 
gether too late to breed this season, hopes are 
entertained that by next spring they will be suffi- 
ciently familiar with their surroundings to nest. 
A number of fur-bearing animals from the Bureau 
of Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, 
and some rhesus monkeys from the Hygienic 
Laboratory were received on temporary deposit. 
REMOVALS. 
Surplus birds and mammals to the number 
the Zoological Park when the present site was 
of 51 were exchanged to other zoological gar- 
dens, and 62 animals on deposit were returned 
to the Bureau of Biological Survey, Department 
of Agriculture, and to the Hygienic Laboratory. 
A number of specimens of native species were 
liberated in the park and dropped from the list, 
of animals in the collection. 
The number of animals lost by death is com- 
paratively small, but some important and valua- 
ble animals are included in the list. The death of 
Dunk, the Indian elephant, was the most notable 
loss. Dunk was the first animal to be placed in 
occupied. He was presented to the park by Mr. 
James E. Cooper, proprietor of the Adam Fore- 
paugh Shows, April 30, 1891, and was then about 
25 years old. Over 50 years of age at the time 
of his death, Dunk had reached the average limit 
for animals of his kind, for contrary to common 
belief the longevity of the elephant is not great 
in proportion to the size of the beast. 
Others of the more serious losses were a 
large Galapagos tortoise (Testudo ephippium), 
February 21, from enteritis; the harpy eagle 
(Thrasaetos harpyia) April 14, from aspergillosis; 
and a female Manchurian tiger which was mer- 
cifully killed as unfit for exhibition June 29. The 
Galapagos tortoise, with others of his kind, had 
been in the collection since October 1, 1898. The 
record for the harpy eagle is a matter of pride 
for the keepers in the bird department, for this 
rare bird of prey had been kept in good health 
for nearly 18 years. He was received May 9, 
1899, as a gift from the Governor of the State of 
Amazonas, Brazil, through Commander C. C. 
Todd, United States Navy. It is believed that 
the species has never before been kept in any 
gardens for a similar period. 
Post mortem examinations were made, as 
usual, by the pathological division of the Bureau 
of Animal Industry, United States Department of 
Agricuture. The following list shows the cause 
of death of animals in each general group. It is 
believed that the publication of such lists is to be 
encouraged, as they are of undoubted value to 
gardens less fortunately provided for up-to-date 
pathological investigations. 
CAUSES OF DEATH. 
MAMMALS. 
Primates: Gastritis, 1; enteritis, 3; gastroenteri- 
tis, 2; no cause found, 1. 
Carnivora : Enteritis, 3; gastroenteritis, 7; mal- 
nutrition, 1; anemia, 1; peritonitis, 1; inter- 
nal hemorrhage, 1. 
Ungulates: Enteritis, 3; kastroenteritis, 1; pneu- 
monia, 3i; congestion o flungs, 1; tubercu- 
losis, 2; uremia, 1; peritonitis, 1; necrosis of 
jaw, 1; cachexia, 1; malnutrition, 1. 
Rodents : Enteritis, 1; gastroenteritis, 1; tubercu- 
losis, 2; anemia, 1. 
Marsupials: Enteritis, 1; pneumonia, 1; septice- 
mia. 1. 
BIRDS. 
Passeriformes : Enteritis, 1. 
Coraciiformes. Aspergillosis, 1; no cause found, 
2l 
Cuculiformes : Gastroenteritis, 1 ; internal hemorr- 
hage, 1; cause not found, lO 1 . 
Charadriiformes : Enteritis, 2; tuberculosis, ty 
pneumonia, 2. 
Gruiformes : Tuberculosis, 2. 
Galliformes : Enteritis, 2; gastroenteritis, 2; quail 
disease, 22. 
Falconiformesi : Enteritis, 1; aspergillosis, 3; no 
cause found, 1. 
Anseriformes : Enteritis, 2; tuberculosis., 4; pneu- 
monia, 1; aspergillosis, 2i; no cause found, 3. 
Ciconiiformes : Enteritis, 5; anemia, 1; internal 
hemorrhage, 1; fibroma of intestine, 1. 
Colymbiformes : Septicemia, 1. 
REPTILES. 
Testudinata : Enteritis, 1. 
Loricata : No cause found, 1. 
Serpentes : Elnteritis, 1; intestinal necrosis, 1; no 
cause found, 1. 
Thi'rty-three of the animals lost by death 
were transferred to the National Museum for 
mounting. These included all the rarer speci- 
mens or those of special scientific importance. 
