HAMLYN'S MENAGERIE MAGAZINE. 
51 
2 Polar Bears, 485 various small animals, 1 Gib- 
bon, 2 Camels, 221 Snakes, 1 Ourang Outang, 
255 Grey Squirrels, 7 Blue and White Foxes, 20 
Horseshoe Crabs, 2,532 Ferrets, 8,000 Guinea 
Pigs, Tame Rats and Mice, 1,358 Waterfowl, 88 
Cranes, 9,115 Budgerigars, 5,300 various small 
birds, 77 Shamahs, 56 Rheas, 4 Mikado Pheas- 
ants, 7 White Pheasants, 20 Impeyans, 112 
Tanagers, 3 Sugarbirds, 12 Macaws, 11 Birds of 
Paradise, 60 Peachfaced and Redfaced, 10 Sun- 
birds, 1 Honey Sucker, 9 Violet Ears, 4 Crown 
Pigeons, 7 Bleedinghearts, and 20,172 Canaries. 
I declare the above particulars to be correct. 
JOHN D. HAMLYN. 
15th November, 1918. 
MONOGRAPH ON ALBATROSSES. 
PETRELS and DIVING PETRELS. 
Leverett . Mills Loomis — of the California 
Academy of Sciences, San Francisco — has just 
recently published a most extensive and inclusive 
monograph on Albatrosses, Petrels and Diving 
Petrels. 
On the subject of Education as one of the 
factors in migration, Mr. Loomis says "Arrested 
migration has been the chief stumbling block in 
the way of philosophers who have sought to inter- 
pret bird migration. Most reports on migration 
relate not to migrating birds, but to birds that 
have halted by the way. No real conception of 
migratory movements can be gained unless the 
birds are observed actually in transitu. Viewing 
arrested exodus-migration from very different 
bird-watching stations, some have reached the 
conclusion that the young-of-the-year migrate 
earlier than ( the adults, and others that the adults 
migrate earlier than the young-of-the-year. When 
migration is studied on the ocean the cause of 
these diametrically opposite conclusions is ap- 
parent, for upon the ocean the veil is removed 
and birds are seen in the act of migrating. Ex- 
tensive migratory movements of old and young 
birds occur in broad daylight at a slight elevation 
above the surface of the water. Young birds, 
weak of wing, drop out of such movements in the 
exodus migration, and are often the first birds 
seen by the observer on or near the land, the off- 
shore flights wholly escaping notice. It is held, 
therefore, that the preponderance of young-of-the- 
year, early or late in the exodus-migration, mere- 
ly evidences that they have stopped by the way, 
and will later join experienced travellers and re- 
sume the journey. 
GUIDANCE BY PHYSICAL PHENOMENA. 
The series of observations made by myself 
on the ocean in the vicinity of Point Pinos, Cali- 
fornia, demonstrate that the Shearwaters passing 
that headland in the return migration are guided 
in their course by the land marks. Repeated ob- 
servations showed that the low fogs deflected their 
migratory movements toward the land, and when 
the land as well as the sea was hidden by the fog 
the migratory hosts became bewildered and lost 
their way, and when the fog lifted and the land 
marks became visible again they immediately re- 
sumed their journey, manifesting that they were 
not endowed with a mysterious sense of direction, 
but were dependent upon physical phenomena for 
guidance. 
The last link in the chain of evidence proving 
guidance by physical phenomena will be forged 
when return migration to breeding stations on 
islands remote from continents has been studied 
by a trained student of migration. In the mean- 
time there is no valid justification for lapsing into 
superstition under the guise of science. 
We know that the oceans have areas of abun- 
dant food where birds are numerous and areas 
where food is wanting and birds are absent, and 
we know that there are prevailing ocean and air 
currents. It is in these currents, I believe, that 
we shall find the chief physical phenomena guid- 
ing birds in their return-migration to islands re- 
mote from continental areas, on the ocean pre- 
vailing water and air conditions supplementing 
landmarks. It is a significant fact that the 
southern limit of the Black-footed Albatross's 
range coincides well with the northern limits of 
the north-east trade winds. In accordance with 
the facts set forth above, it is asserted that the 
example of the adults would suffice to teach the 
way to a young black-vented Shearwater or black- 
footed Albatross, imbued with a desire for travel 
and keenly alive to physical phenomena; migra- 
tion being the result of individual experience, at 
most only the tendency to migration being in- 
herited. After the way had been learned by the 
bird-of-the-year and a probable innate desire for 
travel had developed into migration, the habit of 
migration would be formed and become second 
nature in each bird, holding it true to time and 
place. 
SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS. 
It is maintained : — 
L — That bird migration had its origin in the 
evolution of the seasons and that it is now the 
adjustment of the bird population of the world 
to the seasons. 
2- — That a large part of migration occurs in- 
dependently of an immediate failure of food; that 
