Non-Hellenic Portion of the Latin Language. 551 



this latter word are f^a^r) fia^aqa, and the Latin macellum, the shambles. The 

 root of Mactus is the Cum. Magu, to breed, to make great, as grow is of great, 

 alo of altus, and in and gigno of ingens. From Magu came Maethii, to edu- 

 cate, to nurse, to cause to increase. Mactus is the same word, although it re- 

 quires some explanation before the truth appears to an English eye Now, the 

 ct and pt at the end of Latin words is almost invariably represented in Welsh by 

 th ; e.g. Vir doctus becomes in Cumrian Gwr-doth, Aur-um coct-um Aur coth, 

 Mil-es capt-us Mil-wr cath. Plenus fructus Llawn frwyth, Fluv-ius Lact-is 

 Lliv o laeth, &c. &c. On this principle Mactus would be Maethiis, " full of in- 

 crease." Sis macte, " be full of increase," grow, tua virtute. To the same root 

 should be assigned the Gallic word, ambacti, mentioned by Caesar, for as Tad- 

 Maeth is a foster father, and Mam-Vaeth a foster mother, so Am-Vaethi would 

 be the circle of foster brothers, which in Celtic countries formed the strength and 

 pride of a chief. 



Occo occare, to harrow, from Cum. " ogi, to use the harrow, to harrow, (See Ow. 

 Diet); root, og and oged, " the instrument." Occa, once admitted into Latin dic- 

 tionaries, is now rejected. The derivatives of oc or og are so numerous in the Cum- 

 rian, with the meaning of quick motion and sharp points, as to make it clear that 

 it is an original part of the language. Persons who wish to draw subtle inferences 

 say, that all the terms of the Romans connected with agriculture may be referred 

 to a Greek source, while the terms expressive of war or hunting are non-Hellenic. 

 The induction fails completely in both parts, as might easily be shewn. When 

 Cesar landed in Britain, the natives were agriculturists, densely planted, and 

 Halley proved that the harvest which Cesar's soldiers reaped, had ripened at 

 the average period of a Kentish harvest in his days Assuredly, then, the Britons 

 had not the agricultural names to learn from the Romans of an after age. 



Navo, to " perform vigorously, to work diligently." Navare operara et opus, " to per- 

 form a work ;" root, Nav, " a former, a creator ;■" Nav-Neivion, in the Cum. 

 " opifex opificum," " God.'' Hence Navawl, relating to formation, and Naviad 

 an operation. 



Natrix, 2 Gael Nathair, Cum, Neidiir, Saxon, Nadder and Neddre. The English ad- 

 der was formed by a mistake, an adder, instead of a nadder. By an opposite one 

 an evet or eft became a newt. 



Nerv-us, a muscle, Nervosus, strong. Undoubtedly the same as the Greek Nsi^o?. The 

 Cumrian root is Ner-th, strength, and Ner, the powerful one, God. Now accord- 

 ing to Aulus Gellius, " Neris et Nerienes, et Neriene et Neria, Sabinum verbum 

 quo significatur virtus et fortitudo — unde ex Claudiis, quos a Sabinis oriundos 

 accepimus, qui erat egregia ac praestanti fortitudine Nero appellatus est." 



1 De Bello Gallico, Lib. vi. cap. 14. Equitum ut genere opibusque amplissimus, ita plurimos circa se 

 ambactos clientesque habet. 



2 Etymologists would derive this from No, to swim, and refer to the Greek bfyos as an illustration, 

 but the masculine, swimmer, is Natator, and Natrix is itself masc. ; " Et natrix violator aquae." See 

 Forc. in verbo. 



