552 Rev. Mr Williams on one Source of the 



Lacrymjc, " tears." Undoubtedly the same as the Greek Aaxoua, and quoted merely 

 to shew that it was not through the Latin that many words common to the Greek, 

 Latin, and Cumrian languages crept into the latter, as the Cum. word is still 

 Dagrae, " tears." 



Rheda, 1 " a carriage with four wheels a cart,' 1 a Gallic word, as we are told by 

 Quintilian, although both Cesar and Cicero scrupled not to use it. The root 

 is the Cum. Rhedeg, " to run," on the same principle as currus comes from 

 curro. Thus also, on the same principle as rgo%os, " a wheel" comes from rgi%u, the 

 Cum. Rhod, '" a wheel," comes from Rhedeg. But Rhod is the Cum. form of 

 Rota, a word confessedly Latin. Rhod is, both in itself and its derivatives, used 

 as extensively in the Cumrian, as Rota and its derivatives in Latin. Petorritum, 

 a four-wheeled carriage is Cum. Pedair-Rhod, " four wheels." 



Ritds, rites, ceremonies, customs. Cum. Rhaith, Plur. Rheithae, " legal decisions, 

 law, rights, privileges." Pen Rhaith Yw Duw, " Caput Ritus est Deus." 



Palma, Greek ^aXa^, " the hand or palm." Cum, Palv. (contracted Pawen a 

 paw) Armor. Palf, whence we can illustrate the Latin Palpo, to grope, to feel 

 one's way, and Palpator, Cum. Palvadur, a groper, &c. Hence also Palpebrae, 

 " eye feelers," and probably papillae also. 



Pello, to drive from, to push away, from the Cum. Fell, far distant; Pelli and 

 Pellaii to put far from one, to render remote or distant 



Penates, household gods, originally the chief gods of either the state or a family. 

 According to Macrobius, 2 the Penates of Rome were Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, and 

 Vesta. Cicero 3 derives their name from Penus or Penitus, " quod penitus insi- 

 dent," others from different sources. The root appears to be in any case the Cum. 

 Pen, a head. Hence Penaeth, (which in a Roman's mouth would become Penat) 

 " a principal, he who is pre-eminent, a chief. The old nominative, singular, was 

 Penas, on the same principle as Primas, Optimas, &c. 



Penitus, " within, interior, inmost and innermost," from which the preceding, ac- 

 cording to some, was derived, is also connected with the Cum. Pen, which signifies 

 not only a head, but also an end, as " Pen-Tir Lloegur, " Caput terrae Liguriae," 

 " the Land's End of England." Pen-ucha r ti, " Caput interius Tecti," the 

 innermost room in a cottage, Scotice, Ben, Latin Penus, but latterly confined 

 to express the innermost cell of the sanctuary of Vesta. Heliogabalus, " in Pe- 

 num Vestae, quod solae Virgines Solique Pontifices adeunt, irrupit." From the 

 same root, prolific of words in this and other languages, spring. 

 Penes, Penes me, " in my house," consequently " in my power," answering in the first 

 place to apud me, in Latin, and chez moi, in French, and in its secondary meaning 

 to the sm fioi of the Greeks, in my power. Of its first meaning we have ample in- 



1 The Cumrian, like the Greek, aspirates the letter R at the commencement of a word. 

 g . z Lib. iii. Saturn, c. 4. 3 De Natura Deorum, Lib. iii. cap. 29. 



4 Lampridius in Vita, c. 5. 



