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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



Photograph from Harriet Chalmers Adams 



INSTITUTE OSWALDO CRUZ, IN A SUBURB OF RIO DE JANEIRO 



Supported by the Brazilian Government for scientific medical investigation, and named 

 after Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, who practically eliminated yellow fever in Rio and did so much 

 for the health of its citizens. He died three years ago, at the age of 45. The institute 

 building is in Moorish design and coloring, exterior and interior, and commands a splendid 

 view of the bay. There is a noted American pathologist on the institute's staff. 



many of these "emancipados," supposed 

 to be wards of the government, were 

 sold into slavery, and this led to no end 

 of investigation and trouble. At this 

 time it was claimed there were 3.000.000 



negroes in Brazil. 



This number grad- 



ually decreased as the children of slaves 

 were liberated and the African blood 

 more or less absorbed. Today the Bra- 

 zilians are, on the whole, without racial 

 prejudice. 



The decree of 1888, which freed all 

 slaves, was immensely unpopular with 

 many of the country's leading men, who 

 claimed the princess regent had been un- 

 duly influenced by her clerical advisers. 

 This was one of the reasons for the fall 

 of the empire, although that event may 

 be largely attributed to discontent all 

 over the country, owing to the centraliza- 

 tion of power in the capital. An Eng- 

 lishman who lived in Rio during these 



