RIO DE JANEIRO, IN THE LAND OF LURE 



209 



ites are popular, quite outclassing Italian 

 and Brazilian film stars. 



The lottery plays an important part in 

 the life of the people, and is so well es- 

 tablished that it is often used to raise 

 money for charities, and is not frowned 

 on by religious bodies. There are daily 

 drawings, tickets being sold in shops in 

 the heart of the city as well as on the 

 street. You can play the national or the 

 federal lottery, or those of the States of 

 Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, or Rio Grande 

 do Sul. It is illegal to play the lottery 

 known as the "Jogo do Bicho," dear to 

 the heart of the working class, which is 

 operated without a concession, although 

 thousands do play it. 



In the legal lotteries you pin your faith 

 on a number; in the "bicho" you place 

 your wager on the cat, the dog, the rabbit, 

 or some other animal or bicho, corre- 

 sponding to a group of numbers in the 

 day's national lottery drawing. 



"I dreamed of a snake last night and 

 am sure it will win today," my laundress, 

 firmly addicted to the "bicho," told me ; 

 and, whether she wins or not, she and 

 Manuel and all the rest will keep on 

 squandering their hard-earned milreis. 



SCIENTIFIC SANITATION HAS TRANS- 

 FORMED THE BRAZILIAN CAPITAL 



Great credit is due to the Brazilian 

 scientist, Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, who died in 

 1917, while still in his forties. He it was 

 who made the fight for sanitation, com- 

 pletely transforming the capital. His 

 memorial is the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 

 of which he was the first director, main- 

 tained by the government for medical 

 research. On the institute's staff is an 

 eminent American pathologist. 



An American public health specialist is 

 director of the Brazilian branch of the 

 Rockefeller Foundation's work for the 

 eradication of hookworm and malaria. 

 His main office is in Rio and the work is 

 under way in many stations throughout 

 the republic. In Sao Paulo, Brazil's sec- 

 ond city, I met a third celebrated Amer- 

 ican scientist, formerly of the Canal 

 Zone. 



These Americans were of great service 

 during the influenza epidemic, at its 

 worst in October, 191 8, when 2 per cent 

 of 600,000 cases in the capital proved 



fatal. Fifty-seven American sailors on a 

 battleship in the bay succumbed to the 

 disease. Their companions in the navy 

 are erecting a monument to their memory 

 in Sao Francisco Xavier Cemetery, which 

 overlooks the bay. 



RIO'S POPULATION ENUMERATED ACCORD- 

 ING TO NATIONALITIES 



The population of the capital exceeds 

 1,000,000. Among foreigners there are 

 154,000 Portuguese, 30,000 Italians, 24,- 

 000 Spaniards, 4,000 French, 3,500 Turks, 

 Syrians, and Arabs, 3,000 Germans, 2,000 

 British, 1,500 Spanish-Americans, 1.500 

 Americans, and 600 Asiatics. The Ger- 

 mans are now arriving on Dutch boats in 

 great numbers, but the majority are 

 bound for the South Brazilian States. 



Rio's climate is often maligned, but it 

 suits those who like spring and summer 

 weather. It is never as warm as summer 

 in many of our Eastern and Middle West 

 cities, and the nights on the hills are 

 nearly always cool. The pleasantest sea- 

 son is between May and November ; the 

 warmest months are January, February, 

 and March. It is hard to say just which 

 is the rainy season, as showers are fre- 

 quent throughout the year. 



I have often been asked by East Coast 

 voyagers, whose ships stop only one day 

 in Rio, "Which of the excursions shall 

 we make ?" The choice is between Cor- 

 covado and Sugar Loaf. The summits 

 of both are easy or access, the views in- 

 comparably grand. 



RIO'S TWO FAMOUS SUMMITS COMPARED 



Corcovado (the Hunchback) is as- 

 cended by trolley to the head of a can- 

 yon ; by electric cog railway two miles or 

 more up the mountain ; by a flight of 

 steps to the covered pavilion on the sum- 

 mit. The altitude is only a little more 

 than 2,000 feet; yet the view is really 

 more remarkable than one I obtained 

 after toiling to the summit of a Peruvian 

 mountain more than 19.000 feet above 

 the sea. You overlook a vast circular 

 panorama of mountain, city, and sea in 

 form and color no painter can ade- 

 quately portray. 



Sugar Loaf should be called "The 

 Crouching Lion." The giant monolith is 

 far too majestic for its present name. Its 



