POPULATION AND CONDITIONS. 33 



1890.' McConnell, R. G. Report on an exploration in the Yukon and Mackenzie basins, N. W. T. 

 Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada. Eeport 1888-89. New series 4. Mon- 

 treal. 8°. 145 pp. 



1890. Russell, Israel Cook. Notes on the surface geology of Alaska. Geological Society of 



America, Bull. I, pp. 99-162. 



1891. Russell, Israel Cook. An expedition to Mount St. Elias, Alaska. National Geographic 



Magazine, vol. 3, pp. 53-204, 12 pi., 7 maps. 8°. 



1892. Report of the superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, fiscal year ending June, 



1S91. Part 1. Division of Alaska, pp. 82-96. Washington. 4°. 

 1S92. Dall, William Healev, and Harris, Gilbert Densison. Correlation papers. Neocene. Bull. 

 U. S. Geol. Survey No. 84. Washington. 8°. Alaska, pp. 232-268, 1 map. 



1894. Knowlton, F. H. A review of the fossil flora of Alaska, with descriptions of new species. 



Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, pp. 207-240. 1 pi. (No. 998.) Washington. 8°. 



1895. Spcrr, J. E. Geology of the Yukon gold district, Alaska. Eighteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. . 



Survey, 1896-97, pt, 3. AVashington. 8°. pp. 87-392, 8 pi., 14 maps. 



1898. Russell, Frank. Explorations in the far North. Being a report of an expedition under the 



auspices of the University of Iowa during the years 1892, 1893, and 1894. Published by the 

 university. 8°. vii, 290 pp., 22 pi., 1 map. 



1899. Report of the cruise of the U. S. revenue cutter Bear and the overland expedition for the relief 



of the whalers in the Arctic Ocean from November 27, 1897, to September 13, 1898. Wash- 

 ington. S°. 144 pp., 60 pi., 1 map. 



1900. Schradee, Frajtk Charles. Preliminary report on a reconnaissance along the Chandlar and 



Koyukuk rivers, Alaska, in 1899. Twenty-first Ann. Rept, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1899-1900, 



pt. 2. Washington. 8°. pp. 441-486, 9 pi., 1 map. 

 1900. Stont:y, Lieut. George M., U. S. Navy. Naval explorations in Alaska. U. S. Naval Institute, 



Annapolis, Md. viii, 105 pp., 7 pi., 3 maps. 

 1902. Mexdenhall, Walter Curran. Reconnaissance from Fort Hamlin to Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, 



by way of Dall, Kanuti, Allen, and Kowak rivers. Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 10. 



Washington. 4°. 68 pp., 6 pi., 4 maps. 



POPULATION AND CONDITIONS. 



ON THE KOTTJKUK. 



Natives. — So far as can be judged, there are about 100 native inhabitants on the 

 upper Koyukuk. The United States census for 1900 places the population of Peavey 

 village, near the South Fork of the Koyukuk, at 35. The settlements of the Koyukuk 

 natives, each consisting usually of a few cabins and tents, are sparsely scattered along 

 the river from below the Arctic Circle to the sixty-seventh parallel of latitude. They 

 are generally located at the mouth of some tributary stream, as in the case of Alatua 

 River, Pickarts Creek, and Kanuti River. Their village at Bettles, which is larger 

 than most others, forms an exception to the above rule, and exemplifies the disposi- 

 tion of the natives to remain near a trading post and the abode of white men. 



At the post the natives are f requently employed by the whites for boating, sledding, 

 and other work, for which service they receive provisions and clothing, which, added 

 to what they get of game and fish, make up their living. They take but little interest 

 in prospecting or mining. Apart from the partial sustenance they procure at the 

 post, their chief source of food and clothing is the wild Alaskan reindeer or caribou, 

 bear, salmon, whitefish, rabbits, grouse, and ptarmigan. 

 189— No. 20—04 3 



