ORES OF COPPER. 143 



or "green carbonate of copper," chrysocolla or ' silicate," cuprite 01 

 '• red oxide of copper ;" and occasionally tenorite or " black copper." 



The principal copper regions, exclusive of tbe American, are as 

 follows. Tbe Cornwall and Devon, England, where the ere is mostly 

 chalcopyrite ; about Mansfeld, in Prussia, having the ore distributed 

 through a bed of red shale in the Permian (Kupferschiefer), about 

 eighteen inches thick, making about 2 \ per cent, of the bed ; the 

 Urals on their western slope, in the Permian, as in Mansfeld ; also 

 more productively on the eastern side of the Urals, at the Nischne 

 Tagilsk and Bogoslowskoi mints, in Silurian limestone where tra- 

 versed by eruptive rocks, and at the Gumeschewskoi mine, in argil- 

 laceous shale, the ore chiefly malachite and cuprite ; in France, at 

 Chessy, near Lyons, of malachite and azurite, now of little value ; in 

 Norway, at Alten, and in Sweden, at Fahlun ; in Hungary, at Schem- 

 nitz, Kremnitz, Kapnik, and the Eanat ; in Italy, at Monte Catini ; in 

 Spain, in the province of Huelva, where is the Rio Tinto mine, which 

 affords chalcopyrite, and also the sulphate (p. 138) ; in Portugal, at 

 San Domingo, near the mouth of the (iuadiana ; in Algeria, Turkey, 

 China, Japan, Cape of Good Hope ; in South Australia, where are 

 three prominent mines, the Burra, Wallaroo, and Moonta, their yield 

 in 1875, £451,500 ; New South Wales, the yield in 1875, about 6,000 

 tons, the value £508,800. 



In South America, in Chili, in the vicinity of Copiapo, and less 

 abundantly at other places to the south ; in Bolivia, also in Peru, and 

 the Argentine Republic, but not much developed. In Cuba, but much 

 less productive than formerly. 



In Eastern North America, some copper has been afforded by the 

 Triassic of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley, but there are no 

 producing mines. Corinth, Vermont, and the Hiwassee mine, Ten- 

 nessee, are worked. The chief sources of copper are the veins of 

 Northern Michigan, near Lake Superior. The veins are connected with 

 trap-dikes intersecting a red Lower Silurian sandstone as stated on 

 page 131. The first discoveries of copper ore were made at Copper 

 Harbor Near Fort Wilkins the black oxide was afterward found in a 

 large deposit, and 40,000 pounds of this ore were shipped to Boston. 

 On further exploration in the trap, the Cliff mine, 25 miles to the 

 westward, was laid open, where the largest masses of native copper 

 have been found, and which still proves to be highly productive. 

 Other veins have since been opened in various parts of the region, at 

 Eagle Harbor, Eagle River, Grand Marais, Lac La Belle, Agate Harbor, 

 Torch Lake, on the Ontonagon, in the Porcupine Mountains, and else- 

 where. The countrv north of Lakes Superior and Huron, Isle Eoyale 

 and the Michipicoton Islands, in Lake Superior, also afford eopper ores, 

 and the vicinity of Quebec at the Acton and Harvey Hill mines, in rocks 

 referred to the* Quebec formation. 



In Western North America, in Arizona, there are large veins of 

 copper north of the Gila, on the borders of New Mexico, where are 

 the Santa Rita and Hanover mines, and the ores are cuprite, chalco- 

 cite, malachite ; there are rich veins also in Colorado, especially in 

 Giloin and Park counties, in Nevada, and California. 



The amount of copper produced in 1872, is stated as follows b^ 

 J. Arthur Phillips (Elements of Metallurgy) : 



