860 



GONIURUS; EPARGYREUS. By Dr. M. Dkaudt. 



hindwings is much more variegated, towards the margin almost whitish-grey, the marginal darkening much 

 less, the transverse bands more torn, particularly the distal one partly only in the shape of a dentate, fine, 

 black line distally shaded by reddish-brown, near the proximal margin expanded to a thick black spot. — f. 

 arizonetisis. arizonensis Skinn. has a somewhat lighter ground between the bands of the hindwings, and the anal angle is 

 of a whitish ash-grey. Arizona. 

 cyledis. H. cyledis Dyar (171 d) is above almost like the preceding. Beneath the hindwing shows a large 



white area in the middle of the distal margin, which is pierced from above and below by a brownish, transverse 

 irroration; the transverse bands are of a deep black, torn, the extreme band at the white area deeply concave 

 proximally. Marginal area only very narrowly darkened by brownish. Hitherto only known from the state 

 of Puebla (Mexico). 



8. Genus: Ooniiirus Hbn. 



This genus is distinguished by a somewhat more slender antennal club turned round in the middle 

 like a hook; the 2 nd palpal joint is densely scaled, the 3rd short, obtuse conical, extending straight forward. 

 The cell of the forewing is longer by two thirds than the costal margin; the ^J exhibits a costal fold. The 

 transverse vein runs very obliquely, its middle part being longest; the lower median vein rises near the base, 

 the upper one just before the cell-end. The hindwing with a distinct tooth or short tail at the inner-marginal 

 vein; transverse vein and middle radial are very feeble, the doubly spurred posterior tibiae with fringes. 



caehis. G. caelus Cr. (= aurunce Hew., hypozonius Ploetz, gideon Ploetz) (166 c). Above blackish-brown, 



on the body and bases of the wings metallic green with an ochreous-yellow, hyaline discal oblique band, a 

 minute spot behind it and 2 or 3 minute aj)ical spots. The under surface is more brownish, the hindwing exhibits 

 a broad, silvery white discal band. Central and South America, beginning from Mexico. 



talus. G. talus Cr. (= lucidator Sepp, ausonius Lair.) (166 d) is very similar, the hindwings, however, with 



shorter tails and beneath without a white band, but only a darker, blurred transverse band, bordered by two 

 small lighter spots towards the proximal angle. From Mexico to South America. 



paasalKs. G. passalus H.-Schdff. is the most closely allied to talus (166 d); above black, body, base of forewing 



and almost the \\hole hindwings of a deep green reflection, with a nearly equally broad white hyaline band 

 without any apical spots. Hindwing beneath almost unicolorously green, only at the border narrowly greyish- 

 brown. Brazil. Perhaps to be placed to Thymele near eudemus. 



iifyrus. 



exadeus. 



9. Genus: Epargyreiis Hhn. 



Large, imposing animals with a very much extended apex of the forewing and a slight angle below it. 

 Antennal club strong; 2nd palpal joint appressed, 3rd very short. Venation of forewings as in Goyiiwrus; 

 hindwing with a strong lobe on the inner-marginal vein. Nearly all the species have on the hindwing beneath 

 silvery or mother-of-pearl white spots and in the hindwing yellow hyaline sjDots. The larvae, as far as they 

 are known, are slender, mostly greenish, with transverse iiTorations, the first ring being thin like a neck, whereby 

 the mostly red or yellow head is strongly defined. They live on tree-like Papilionaceae between two leaves 

 that are di'awn together by means of strong threads. The change into a slender pupa takes place on the soil 

 between leaves. 



The pupae of E. tityrus have been exported in numbers to Em'ope in the last years, but they easily 

 die on the way there. The butterflies are very common in tropical America, and one species goes to the north 

 as far as the northern parts of the United States, where it is considered to be noxious by some authors 

 (Harrison, Packard). They fly very swiftly with an almost whizzing flight, and with their wings half open 

 they cling to all kinds of blossoms and may be easily taken while sucking them, whereas the (Jc? on their coupling 

 flight are very timid. 



E. tityrus F- (= clarus Cr.) (166 e) is above brown with a broad ochreous-yellow discal hyaline 

 band, a small isolated spot out\^ards of it, and 2 to 4 small apical spots. Beneath the same, on the hindwing 

 with a very broad, silvery white band, being irregularly dentately bordered. From the United States to the 

 south as far as Panama, in more southern districts in 2 or 3 generations. — The greenish larva, with a red-brown 

 head, lives between two leaves drawn together with few strong threads, of Glyciniae (Wistaria), Robiniae and 

 other Papilionaceae, and pupates on the ground between leaves. 



E. exadeus Cr. (= socus Hbn., clavicornis H.-Schaff.) (166 e) is much larger, with longer wings and 

 smaller, lighter hyaline spots. On the hindwing beneath, the silvery spot is more or less reduced, mostly to one 

 larger, roundish spot in the proximal half and one or two above it; distally there is a fine, undulate, partly 

 silvery line, and the distal part is of a light violettish grey, finely dusted darker. Widely distributed from Mexico 

 almost through the whole of South America, and common. — The larva is green, Mdth a fine, darker transverse 



