HAMLYN'S MENAGERIE MAGAZINE. 
her lost pupils, from their home. These, at first, 
came out to see who was calling, but they had 
no doubt received instructions and refused to fol- 
low the discharged maid. 
Another time, when the gardener was carry- 
ing off a dead Patagonian to have it buried, all the 
others followed the man in a single file, and sitting 
in a row around the grave, took as much concern 
in the operation as Hamlet with the sexton's digg- 
ing in the churchyard, after what, cutting a caper 
in the air so much as to say: "Well, our own 
time is not come yet after all !" they dispersed and 
resumed their daily pursuits. 
The Patagonian Cavies have generally two 
young at a birth, sometimes three, seldom only 
one. The period of gestation is three months. 
They are very hardy and keep continually in the 
open at all seasons. Be the weather ever so harsh, 
they seldom make use of the shelters which 
are provided for them. They have got to be very 
tame, and flock round the keeper from all parts 
when they hear his call to get tit-bits in the way 
of bread. In winter time, they are supplied with 
some oatis and roots; in autumn they relish fallen 
fruit which they pick up under the trees in the 
orchard, but they feed principally upon grass and 
cause very little damage to trees and bushes, 
though I take care that the flower-beds should be 
surrounded by a low netting in case they might be 
tempted to offer a nosegay to their sweetheart. 
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION. 
LECTURE AT THE ROYAL COLLEGE 
OF SURGEONS. 
By Professor Arthur Keith, M.D., 
LL.D., F.R.C.S. 
The Lecturer exhibited a human skeleton and 
skeletons of male and female gorilla, chimpanzee 
and monkeys. In the previous lectures he said he 
had shown that there were two quite distinct types 
of men — modern man and Neanderthal man. He 
had no doubt they both came from a common 
stock, but when they came out of that stock was 
the problem before them. As they had not yet 
found half-human forms as fossils it was 
necessary to study those animals which were 
most like to man and see if they would! throw any 
light on the problem of the date of man's origin. 
There could be absolutely no- doubt as to which 
the nearest allies of man were. Pointing to the 
skeletons the lecturer said it was an accident that 
a door came between the human skeleton and the 
gorilla. But there was a considerable difference. 
In the young the resemblance was closer. There 
was also closer resemblance between the females 
than between the males of the gorilla and man. 
The chimpanzee came next and the difference be- 
tween the male and 1 female in this case was less 
than that of the gorilla. Then the orang. Those 
were all the living animal forms they had got 
to represent man's nearest allies — the gorilla and 
chimpanzee in Africa and the orangs in Borneo 
and Sumatra. A map was put on the screen 
showing the geographical distribution, of these 
animals. The reason for bringing the map before 
them, said the lecturer, was because, the problem 
which faced them was this : In ancient Europe 
there were two distinct types of man — Neander- 
thal man and modern man, and the thesis he 
was going to maintain that afternoon was to show 
that they had in the African anthropoids a simi- 
lar kind of differentiation. Between the gorilla 
and the chimpanzee they had not only the 
same degree of difference, but the same 
kind of difference as between the Neanderthal 
man and the modern type of man. The diagram 
which showed the geographical distribution of 
these animals in the world to-day illustrated how 
limited that distribution was. North and South 
of the Congo was the area of the distribution of 
the gorilla. Although a census had not been 
taken, if he said there were 10', 000 gorillas he did 
not think he would over-estimate the number. 
The chimpanzee occupied a much larger area in 
the great equatorial forest zone. That fact 
brought home to them what the home of the chim- 
panzee was. It lived among trees. The gorilla 
represented the Neanderthal man and the chim- 
panzee represented modern man. There were a 
number of varieties, nations or races of chimpan- 
zees just as of modern man — the living races of 
man. The racial differences in the human crania 
were so slight that they did not recognise the 
race easily from an examination confined to skulls 
only. That was the position they were in with 
regard to the chimpanzees, but he thought there 
were four, or there might be, five kinds. 
The next diagram was a baby gorilla, and 
the lecturer pointed out the features which differen- 
tiated the gorilla from the chimpanzee. The 
gorilla had huge wings to his nose and the charac- 
teristic point was that they went right down to 
the lips; there was no sharp line running cross- 
wise between nose and lip. The ala± of the nose 
were carried down to the lip. Then the ear was 
small and the eyes black in the gorilla. In the 
chimpanzee the alse were quite small. A sharp 
line always separates the nose of the chimpanzee 
from the upper lip. The ear is of a different type. 
Yet both gorilla and chimpanzee ear-types they 
saw in men. The chimpanzee never got quite 
black all over. In psychology the chimpanzee 
