HAMLYN'S MENAGERIE MAGAZINE. 
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Dealing with the air cavities or sinuses of the 
nose, the lecturer stated that in the skull on the 
screen there were five sinuses all told. It was a 
curious thing- that five sinuses occurred only in 
three animals — man, the gorilla, and the chim- 
p.-inzee. It did not occur in a chance way. When 
they observed a combination of circumstances in 
two separate races they must believe there was a 
common origin. 
Another point of resemblance; between the 
chimpanzee, the gorilla, and man, was the arrange- 
ment of the bones in the wrists. The primal 
arrangement was with a big central bone. In 
the gorilla, the chimpanzee and man, the central 
bone had become greatly reduced in size and 
united with another bone. This was probably a 
matter of common inheritance. 
Coming to the feet, the lecturer found the 
same lines on the foot-soles, of a new born 
child and in a newly born gorilla. There 
a distinguishing mark between the chim- 
panzee and the gorilla. The gorilla had 
a big toe which was thick, and the size of the 
heel gave it a great lever for raising - the weight 
of the body. The chimpanzee had a grasping 
organ, which was more of a hand. In the size 
Oi the big toe of the gorilla they had a fore- 
shadowing of the human condition. There could 
be no doubt that one of the differences between 
tin- chimpanzee and the gorilla was in the feet, 
and that the gorilla was .showing some tendency 
towards the human condition. Supposing the 
theory of evolution was true, how could an 
anthropoid or foot become a human 
loot? Most people had the opinion that the 
big toe would be drawn in towards the 
other toes. That was not how the change took 
place. In the early days of the evolution of the 
foot the big toe was the main fulcrum; the other 
toes turned in to meet: it. In the human fool 
signs of that movement could still be detected. 
Dealing with the upright posture, the lecturer 
spoke of the primitive attachment of the soleus 
muscle in the calf of the leg. In all monkevs 
they found only a tibial origin of the soleus mus- 
cle, but the extensive origin from both leg bones 
was peculiar to man in size and shape. They saw- 
in the chimpanzee a certain stage of the muscle 
of soleus in regard to walking-, but they saw it 
more advanced in the gorilla. Worked out in 
figures the percentages were : 16% chimpanzee, 
35% gorilla, and 100%, man. That showed 
how Nature had worked. It was evident, as 
Darwin said, that it came in by variation 
and an increase of that variation. Dealing 
with the adaptations of the human method of walk- 
ing, the lecturer drew special attention to the 
muscle down the front of the body, one part of 
which went ink} the crest of Ilium. This was one 
of the main balancing muscles, and was an adapta- 
tion to the upright posture. The only one animal 
in which they found this as well as man was the 
gorilla. He had shown them that in the form of 
the foot and in the form of the heel, in the adapta- 
tion of the muscles, and now- in this most peculiar 
feature they had foreshadowed in the gorilla cer- 
tain human characteristics. They knew of no 
fossils which took them back to that point where- 
issued from an extinct ape-like form. But there 
were in the world animals nearly associated to 
man in which they could study the problems of 
evolution, and the problems must be very similar 
to those which existed in the days of early man. 
It was true that such anthropoids as had sur- 
vived into modern times could not and did not 
represent human progenitors. But they did 
represent the kind of animal 1 from which we must 
believe the progenitor of mankind sprang. We 
must base our conception of the origin of man 
on a minute study of such anthropoids as still 
survive — to observe in them how forms have 
become differentiated and the direction in which 
differentiation is being carried out. A study of 
the gorilla and of the chimpanzee gives us a' clue 
to at least one factor which is at work — namely 
internal secretion. We know that one small gland 
— the pituitary — does throw substances into the 
blood which exercise a marvellous effect on the 
degree and type of growth. The differences be- 
tween chimpanzees and gorillas are largely 
pituitary effects. 
AN OFFICIAL TIGER-SLAYER/ 
Mr. Digby Davies, a Deputy Inspector- 
General of the Indian Police, served for over 
thirty years in the Bombay Presidency, and din- 
ing that long period had exceptional opportunities 
for indulging his love of sport, espcciallv while 
carrying out the duties of his unique office of 
Tiger-slayer to the Government of Bombay. His 
reputation as a successful hunter of dangerous 
game had led to his appointment for the purpose 
of reducing the number of tigers and leopards, 
whose depredations amongst cattle and destruc- 
tion of human lives had formed the subject of 
