HAMLYN'S MENAGERIE MAGAZINE. 
quite quiet after that; but he had been engaged 
eating the candle, I found in the morning. 
All this was in his "cub days." 
When he grew up he became a well-behaved 
jackal. He slept quietly in his basket at night. 
He left my boots alone. He sang no solo*. 
We had "Jackie" for years. He was such 
an amusing pet — so very canny. 
The Birth of an Elephant at the Zoo- 
logical Gardens, Copenhagen. 
In the autumn of 1878 the Zoological Gardens 
in Copenhagen was presented with a couple of 
young Elephants from Siam. They were 5 or 6 
years old and named "Chang" and "Eng." 
The female, "Eng," died after a few years, 
while the male lived and developed into a very big 
and strong animal, but without tusks. Later 
on the garden received another female Elephant 
from Siam called "Ellen," who was supposed to 
have been born in 1893. She was growing un- 
usually fast, and was considered to be imbile in 
1905. Consequently the Elephants were moved 
to a joint room in April, 1905, and after a period of 
gestation of about 22 months, " Ellen" gave birth 
to a male baby on the 9th of December, 1907. The 
little Elephant was called "Caspar." 
The delivery took place at night without any- 
body being present. According to our experience 
here in the Zoo, we do not believe in having a 
watch kept upon the animals in such cases, as it 
only seems to disturb them. We, therefore, pre- 
ferred to leave " Ellen" alone this first time, and 
neither have we had her watched at any of her 
later deliveries. 
The mother took great care of the little one, 
and at one time actually saved him from drowning 
in the water-basin by pulling him out of it by the 
help of her trunk. The baby sucked his mother 
for two years and a half, whereupon they were 
separated. "Caspar" soon became a large and 
strong animal, with good tusks, and after "Ellen" 
had given birth to her second baby, he was sold 
to the Zoological Gardens in .Hanover, where he 
still lives and thrives well. 
"Chang" and " Ellen" were put together again 
in the autumn of 1910, and very soon copulated. 
She <^ave birth to her second baby on the 6th of 
April, 1912, also a male, who was named "Julius." 
This delivery likewise took place by night, 
and as the event had not been expected for a 
month or two, we had made no preparations!. 
The Elephants were still together in the daytime, 
but used to be shut up in separate night rooms. 
Happily the male had ben enclosed in his night 
room a few hours before the birth, or else it would 
have been dangerous work to move him, as he is 
rather a cross and disagreeable old fellow. 
When the watchman entered the Elephant 
House in the morning he found the baby standing 
crying in the feeding-passage, to where he 
had been rolled down between the bars. The 
mother did not seem to care about his crying; she 
was occupied in eating the very large placenta, of 
which she had devoured about half, when the man 
arrived. 
In order to have the mother removed to the 
next room in which she was to stay with the little 
one, it was necessary first to carry him in there. 
It took the strength of four men to do this, and 
now it was doubtful whether the mother would 
accept the baby after it had been handled by so 
many human beings. "Ellen," however, showed 
no alarm, and as soon as she had walked into 
her room, she began fondling "Julius." 
He wanted to suck at once, but he had to 
search for two hours before he — quite by accident 
— found the right place. He tried to suck the 
trunk of his mother and her tail and legs, while 
she did nothing at all to help or direct him. But 
at the same time she was very interested in the 
baby. She went all over him with her trunk 
obviously to make certain to what sex he belonged, 
and if he were sound and well-shaped. And as 
the baby had some obstruction and could not get 
rid of the mecomiun, she carefully helped him by 
putting the finger of her trunk into his anus ! 
As "Julius" was strong and growing well, he 
was separated from the mother already at an age 
of one and a half years. From the birth he had 
been somewhat smaller than "Caspar," and he 
will probably never grow as big as his elder 
brother. Neither are his tusks as large as those 
of the other. But he is far more vivacious, and 
we intend to keep him here in the gardens. 
"Chang" and "Ellen" were moved to a joint 
room for the third time on the 7th October, 1913, 
and with the usual result. One of the periods of 
pairing was about the 1st of June, 1914, and there 
is no doubt that " Ellen" became impregnated by 
that time. But in the spring of 1915 she had 
grown so stout, that one would believe her to be 
very far in the period of gestation. She was then 
separated from "Chang" late in May, 1915. \ s 
time went on, she became exceedingly heavy, so 
that we were almost hoping for twins. But on 
the 3rd April, 1916, she gave birth to only one 
baby after a period of gestation of 22 months. 
The delivery happened in the morning shortly 
before the watchman arrived at 6 o'clock. The 
baby was a male, full-born, hut ever so much 
smaller than anj of the other two previous!) born, 
and he was not able to stand on liis legs. It was 
a pity to sec him crawl 1114 about trying to us Sis 
fore-legs and crying pitifully. Ibis time "Ellen" 
bad not touched the placenta, v hich seemed un- 
small. 
