HAMLYN'S MENAGERIE MAGAZINE. 
27 
VOLAILLES 
Canards 
.. 55.975 
60. 843 
Dindes 
1.286 
1.515 
Lapins 
.. 223>.477 
222,465 
Oies : 
12.112 
5.072 
Pigeons morts 
... 35.998 
41.242 
— vivants 
, , 
634 
Pintades 
1.134 
1.624; 
Poulets morts 
.. 268.834 
285.6 1 
— vivants 
17.191 
9.184 
Pieces diverses 
.. 109.538 
88.831 
Total 
GIBIER 
Alouet.es 
Becasses, becassines 
Canards sauv. , sarcelles 
Cailles 
Cerfs, biches, daims, chevr. 
Faisans 
Gibiers d'eau 
Grives et Merles 
Lapins de garenne 
Lievres francais 
Lievres etrangers 
Perdreaux francais 
Perdreaux etrangers 
Sangliers 
Pieces diverses 
725.545 717.082 
1.132 1.641 
Volaille 
Gibier 
Total 1.144 1.646 
Produits des ventes 
3.632351 70 2,954.028 70 
3.702 55 2.944 70 
Total 
3,. 636. 054 25 2.956,973 50 
Ch. S. 
BIRDS AND BEASTS IN THE 
WAR ZONE. 
The Petrograd Society of Naturalists has ap- 
pealed to all nature lovers and hunters to report 
to it any information they may have gathered as 
to the influence of military operations upon the 
life of birds and animals, and any deviations from 
the normal course of their periodical appearance 
Avhich may have been noted. 
There is no doubt that the war has had a 
greai. effect upon the life of the fauna in the zone 
of operations. So far the greatest attention has 
been allotted to the influence of the war upon 
birds. Thus, the French zoologist Carnolc points 
out that in places where fighting occurred the 
birds became greatly distrubed, screeching and 
flying about in all directions, unable to settle down 
anywhere, day and nigh!:. Among the migratory 
birds, those which dwell south of the war zone 
carried out their flght to the warm lands in the 
Customary direction, but beglan it somewhat 
earlier (than under normal conditions — as, for ex- 
ample, storks. As regards migratory birds dwell- 
ing north of the war zone, they skirted the line 
of the front and, instead of flying through France, 
flew through Switzerland and Italy. For example, 
blackbirds, which from Germany and Scandinavia 
fly southward annually in huge flocks through 
Burgundy, did nt appear there. Similarly no 
larks were seen in October. In Flanders and 
Holland there were neither marsh nor water birds. 
RUSSIAN EXAMPLES. 
According itb the observations of Russian 
naturalists, during the first year of the war jack- 
daws and rooks disappeared, larks no longer sang- 
in the fields, and even sparrows grew very scarce. 
The eagle, a constant resident of the Carpathians, 
migrated to the Balkans, and the wild pigeon 
disappeared also. 
The president of the Russian Ornithological 
Committee, D, M. Rossinsky, has noted the in- 
fluence of military operations upon the migration 
of birds. Thus ordinarily in Central Siberia birds 
gravitate during the spring from south to north; 
in Eastern Siberia from south-east to north-west, 
and in European Russia from south-west to north- 
east. Seeing that military operations are pro- 
ceeding exactly in the region of these migratory 
routes, the flights of birds are powerfully affected, 
especially those of the stork and snipe. 
One of the well-known Moscow bird hunters, 
V. F. Razdobarov, recollects thalt in the Russo- 
Turkish War of 18(7-8, near Moscow, an unusual 
quantity of snipe was observed. The above-men- 
tioned French authority has noted the appearance 
in the woods of Flanders some time after the 
commencement of ithe war of numerous herds of 
wild boar, which had descended from the Vosges 
and Ardennes terrified by the din of gun and rifle 
fire. , 
CONCLUSIONS. 
The well-known ornithologist, Professor D. 
N. Kaigorodov, commenting on the appeal of the 
Petrograd Society of Naturalists, mentions >„hat 
an extraordinary movement of geese northward 
had recently been reported to him. It is evident 
thai; these birds could not settle in Mitau and 
White Russia owing to the military operations in 
progress there, and they flew away. The same is 
true with regard to duck, very many of which 
appeared on the river Volhov. 
"Of course," this authority continues, "it 
would be premature to affirm that this, that, or 
the other departure from the usual standard is in- 
dubitably the result of the war operations; but 
the war has furnished, and will still furnish, many 
interesting and valuable observations in this con- 
nexion. 
