92 
HAMLYN'S MENAGERIE MAGAZINE. 
Bartlett (for many years Superintendent of the 
London Zoological Gardens — that, as a general 
rule, the descendants of wild animals born in cap- 
tivity are much wilder than those captured in the 
field and subsequently tamed. This is especially 
the case with deer and antelope. We have had 
buck captured when half grown which had become 
so tame and confiding "that they came up to me 
when I called them, and others, again, born in 
the Gardens, which dashed off at the approach of 
anyone, even the men who worked with them 
daily. One reason for this is no doubt the fact 
that an animal which is born in captivity — in a 
Zoological Garden, at any rate — is hardly ever 
"man-handled," whereas a wild caught antelope, 
or similar animal, would be almost continually 
handled by its owners or its caretaker on account 
of the artificial rearing which would be necessary. 
Another noteworthy fact is that animals vary in- 
dividually amongst themselves to a considerable 
extent; this remark will be made clearer at a later 
stage of my paper. 
ORDER PRIMATES. 
The members of this order are, as a general 
rule, unreliable, pugnacious, and even vicious in 
captivity, although in the wild state fairly timid 
and shunning the presence of human beings> as 
much as possible. As, however, they are of such 
varied size, temperament, and habits, it would be 
best to divide them into their natural groups. 
Manlike Apes (Simidse). — The late A. D. 
Bartlett, in his book, "Life Among Wild Beasts 
in the Zoo," -remarks on the habits of a Chim- 
panzee received by the London Zoological Gar- 
dens in 1883 1 , and which, partly on account of its 
habits, he considered a new species. It subse- 
quently proved to be the bald-headed Chimpanzee 
(A. culvus), but a specimen of the common Chim- 
panzee in the Pretoria Zoological Gardens has 
developed habits akin to those of Bartlett's ba 1 d- 
headed animal, and yet it is undoubtedly the or- 
dinary species. Bartlett, as before-mentioned, at 
first considered the now historic " Sally" new to 
science on account of the difference in its habits 
from those of former Chimpanzees in the collec- 
tion. My personal opinion now is that individual 
animals of a species vary almost as much in tem- 
perament and behaviour as human beings, and no 
hard and fast rule can be laid down for their 
management. One has to learn to know the "per- 
sonality" — to use an incongruous term — of each 
individual animal. I say this with reservations, 
but my meaning will become clearer as I proceed. 
Baboons and Monkeys. — The Chacma Baboon 
and the Vervet Monkey are both fairly shy ani- 
mals in the wild state, descending from their 
mountain fastnesses or leaving their thickly 
wooded retreats for the vicinity of human habita- 
tions, when driven to do so by hunger, or under 
cover of night. When voung thev make interest- 
ing and even lovable pets, but when adult their 
temper becomes uncertain, and they are not to be 
trusted. Individual examples, however, learn to 
love and fear their masters, and may be taught 
to do tricks requiring a considerable amount of 
intelligence. 
One individual — a Chacma Baboon — in the 
Eastern Province of the Cape, was so attached to 
its master, who was maimed, that it assisted him 
in his work in various ways. 
One Bonnet Monkey in the Pretoria Zoologi- 
cal Gardens was quite untameable, and .could not 
even be placed in a cage with its own kind. The 
keeper, however, maintained that the brute liked 
and respected him, and would play with the ani- 
mal despite repeated warnings from me. The end 
of the matter was that, without rhyme or reason, 
the monkey one day pounced upon its keeper and 
bit through his jugular vein. The unfortunate 
man was laid up in hospital for six weeks, and I 
had the animal destroyed. 
We had some South American Capuchin 
Monkeys, bright and merry little fellows, full of 
fun and frolic, but positive little bullies, and they 
led one of their number — a grizzled old chap, who 
was unfortunately an abject coward — a terrible 
life until he was removed. Their delight in teas- 
ing and biting the unfortunate one was almost 
human (so far as the bullyinj element goes), and 
the natures of the animals were as different as one 
could possibly expect. The old chap subsequently 
became the staff pet, and was fondled and made 
much of by all the members of the staff, with the 
exception of one, whom he could not endure, 
although the man had done him no harm. He 
never attempted to bite unless he was deliberately 
frightened, when his cowardly nature caused him 
to retaliate without actually meaning to do so. 
Many Baboons or Monkeys bite from pure "cus- 
sedness" or contempt of man, and not because 
they are frightened, although no doubt the latter 
is the reason why most of them do bite. The fol- 
lowing striking passage occurs in Bartlett's book, 
a 1 ready mentioned : — 
"The variableness in the habits and dis- 
positions shown by the monkeys selected for 
performing' is well worthy of notice. Many of 
the different genera are mentally, so to speak, 
far removed from each other; some of them are 
capable, by training and education, of being- 
taught and made to understand the various 
duties that the teacher imposes upon them; while 
others, as among ourselves, are found devoid of 
the power of learning. 
"The trainers of monkeys well know the 
species best adapted to their various purposes." 
Another habit, or rather practice, of the lar- 
ger monkeys mentioned by Bartlett, and repeated- 
ly observed by me, is that of yawning in order 
to show a new arrival their powerful canine teeth, 
