ma. 



ITHOMIOLA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 655 



frequently (the Cyllopoda even exclusively) in day-time. The shape of the yellow spots differs at every habitat 

 and is so characteristic that one can exactlj? see from it, whether a specimen of the genus has been captured 

 on the Corcovado near Rio, or in the Serra do Mar near Santos, in Espiritu Santo or in Blumenau. The appli- 

 cation of names has become far too numerous, as is proved by the confusion already caused. Among the 14 

 hriola before me there are only two alike (of the same date!). 



Ch, briola Bat. (= histrio Goze) (127 e). Black; forewing with a bright, light-yellow spot in the cell hriola. 

 and an ec[ual oblique band before the apex; hindwing likewise yellow and black. Size and shape of the yellow 

 spots vary at every habitat, sometimes there is also a yellow collar, and the apex of the forewing may be 

 bordered in light-yellow. In typical hriola the whole disc of the hindwing is yellow so that only a broad black 

 margin remains. — In doryphora Stick. (= briola Hew. pt.) (127 f) being somewhat smaller and originating doryphora. 

 from South Brazil, the apical spot of the forewing is narrower and the hindwing wdth a broader black margin. — 

 phoenias Hew. (127 f) has in the hindwing only the region of the hind wing-cell yellow, and a small j-ellow cunei- jilweniM. 

 form spot in the forewing-cell. • — Distributed over the whole of tropical South America. 



Ch. villagomes Hew. (127 f) differs from the preceding by the cell of the forewing being without rillagomes. 

 any yellow at all. Ecuador. • — There are transitions to the preceding species with a narrow but distinct spot 

 in the cell of the forewing (xanthotaenia Stick.), so that villagomes might be included in it. ■ — In urbana Stick. ■^"" '^ .*' 

 the yellow spot of the forewing has the shape of a band. — Distributed from Central America to Peru, urbana. 



Ch. ammon Cr. (127f). In this species from Guiana the whole basal half of the forewing is yellow ammon. 

 except a narrow black costal margin. — cercides Hew. is distinguished only by the basal yellow of the forewing cercides. 

 forming a more regular triangle with less rounded angles and being separated from the oblique spot by a uni- 

 form, cj^uite straight band. — In cydonia Stick. (127 f) from Colombia this separating band has disappeared cydonia. 

 and the forewang is entirely yellow except the very broad margin; from Colombia. — From VOlavicencia there 

 is a transition to this form before me, in which a beginning of this band (above the cell-end) is still preserved, 

 while its lower part is absent ; the two yellow spots of the forewing, therefore, flow together at the inner margin, 

 while at the costa they are separated. The butterflies of this species and the preceding ones are not common 

 and represent each other, so that the occurrence of two different forms of this group at the same flying-place 

 is improbable. 



Ch. joviana ScJis. (127 f). Black with fiery orange-red longitudinal stripes across all the wings, the joriana. 

 one in the forewing broken obtuse-angled at the cell-end. From Peru and Bolivia. Here too, deviations occur 

 in the shape and distinctness of the longitudinal stripe from the typical form figured by us, as for instance in 

 the form similis Scks.' The species greatly resembles the Colombian Mesenopsis melanocMora or briseis: this 

 resemblance, however, is secondary, as both species copy Josia fulva; the latter, according to A. H. Fassl 

 in such a deceptive way that they are scarcely discernible. 



Ch. splendens Sm. (127 g). Blact, forewing with an orange-yellow oblique band. Hindwing in the spJendens 

 basal part of a metallic blue reflection. It flies in Bolivia; in a specimen from the Rio Songo the orange band 

 sends a long tip along the median as far as to the base of the forewing. The species reminds us of a number 

 of quite equally coloured Heterocera, such as certain Arctiids and Syntomids (for instance Ctenucka cyaniris, 

 Hagnagora and so on) together with which it flies. 



Ch. tircis Fldr. (127 g). Black, forewing with a yellow oblique spot being smaller and darker in the Urcis. 

 ^, larger and lighter, nearly white, in the 2. • — In jaeris Bsd. from the Amazon the small oblique band is darker jaeris. 

 yellow and of about the same width. The typical form is not rare near Bahia and rests in the bushes near the 

 roads, together with a great number of quite similarly coloured and marked species of night-butterflies 

 (Getta and others). 



Ch. pansa Godm. (127 g). Most similar to the preceding, larger, the oblique band of the forewing pansa. 

 compared with its length narrower, more ochre-yellow, running somewhat more flatly. The shape and colour 

 of this yellow band vary extremely; on the Pachitea River it is cuneiform, in the Province of Sara distalty 

 cut off straight, near Buenavista distally convex and so on. Common in Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. It shows 

 a secondary resemblance to Isapis, some Lymnas etc. 



24. Genus: Ithoiiiiola Fldr. 

 Very near to the preceding genus, but of a quite different appearance, as not the yellow, but the hya- 

 line species of the Heterocera-genus Cyllopoda are here homochromous with these Erycinidae. The chief difference 

 from the preceding genus consists in the apex of the forewing being rounder, which is probably to be consi- 

 dered also as an imitatory phase and may be connected with the flight of the Ithomiinae differing entii'ely from 

 that of the yellow Dioptis and the Brackyglene. The flight of the Cyllopoda is much more powerful and continuous 

 (they always fly in sunshine), which is increased by the more pointed wings and the restless flapping of the 

 wings. On account of the longer apex of the wings in the Ckamaelimnas, the last subcostal vein rises somewhat 

 farther before the apex than in Itkomiola, otherwise the veins do not differ; Ithomiola, however, has a remar- 

 kably long middle joint of the palpus, the first and last being very short. The genus has very many forms, 

 as there are scarcely 2 specimens alike that are found not at the same place. The species, therefore, are related 

 to each other as vicarious species. They are mostly not rare. 



