LYMNAS, By Dv. A. fejsiTZ. 659 



places on tlie rocarls and rest in day-time beneath leaves; soroe species ars extremely rare, others very com- 

 mon. There are more than 50 forms known, including the hardly deviating Aculhua cinaron. 



L. cinaron Fldr. (= inca Rob.) (131 a). Above sooty black, the hind wings with a straighth' cut-off, cbiaron. 

 yellow distal band; beneath the wings have lighter veins. — About 100 specimens bevore me originate fiom 

 different parts of tropical South America. According to the habitat, the margin of the hindwing is some- 

 times more orange, sometimes more light yellow or light lemon-coloured, broader or na.rrower; the light veins 

 are distinct sometimes on all the wings, sometimes only on the hindwings. From Colombia to the south as 

 far as South Brazil in the east and Bolivia and Peru in the west, in Ecuador ap to a considerable altitude, 

 otherwise preferring the lowlands. — corvina Stkh. (131 a, as serriger) lies before me in the type; it come,s con-ina. 

 from the Cauca Valley in Colombia; here the inner edge of the marginal band on the hindwing is serrate- 

 dentate. — crenitaenia SUch., unknown to me in nature is like corvina, but it has in typical specimens an crcnilacnla. 

 orange-yellow apex of the forewings; from Costa Rica. — signata Stick, has besides another orange spot before signata. 

 the anal angle of the forewing; Costa Rica. Other deviations are of secondary importance. Apparently in 

 many places not rare, but near Rio uncommon. 



L. alena Hew. (131 a) resembles somewhat a large cinaron (131 a) with a yellow ape.x of the fore- aUna. 

 wing, but differs greatly by its shape and size. The sides of the abdomen are of a bright purple-red; the yellow 

 distal marginal band of the hindwing is just the reverse of that of crenitaenia, since on the veins continua- 

 tions of the yellow distal band extend towards the base, whereas in crenitaenia black continuations of the 

 ground-colour extend towards the margin. Rare, on the Corcovado near Rio de Janeiro and in Colombia: 

 probablj widely distributed, but owing to its great rareness discovered only in few places. 



L. passiena Heiv. (131 a). Likewise black, apex of the forewing and margin of the hindwing orange- pdssiena, 

 red, but the extremest margin and the fringes black, so that the orange-red appears somewhat removed 

 from the margin. Colombia. — In auionia He-w., described from Bolivia, more than the apical third of aulonia. 

 the forewing is orange and the marginal band of the hindwing more than twice as broad. 



L. pise. Of this multiform group with an orange-yellow apex of the forewing and an equally colom'ed 

 margin of the hindwing one of the first branches is zoega Heiv. (131 a). Size and width of the orange-yellow =<jc(ja. 

 varies at almost every place, where it is found; all the specimens, however, found at the same place, exactly 

 correspond with each other, zoega occurs more in the southern part of tropical South America, in South Brazil, 

 Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru. Typical zoega originate from Ulinas Geraes, thej have near the base of the fore- 

 wing a distinct red dot and a rather small orange apical margin.; the figured example is a large 2. — Some- 

 times instead of the apical spot, the whole margin of the forewing is orange-yellow in a width of 1 — 2 mm: 

 this is the form smithiae Wiv. (131 b). — An intermediate form is created by the apical spot extending into smithiac. 

 a chain of small orange marginal spots: aurolimbata Thieme (131 a), from Ecuador and the adjoining Amazon auroUmba- 

 District as far as Bolivia. — The form of the group described first is pixe Bsd. (131 b) from Mexico and Central . ., 

 America, in which the margin of the hindwing is of a purple-red instead of orange-red. This marginal band 

 is then generally divided into spots by black veins, and the red basal spot of the forewing varies greatly in 

 size. — In sexpunctata form. nov. it is coherent, but at the inner margin indented by the black ground- co- sexpuncta- 

 lour; the basal spot of the forewing is large and there appear some more red dots at the base of the hind- "' 



wing and above the anal angle of the forewing ; from Guerrero ; — this increase of the red may be still con- 

 tinued, finally leading to the form sanguinea Stick. (131 b) which we figure from Costa Rica and which ex- sangKinca. 

 hibits an enormously enlarged basal spot and some more heniochronie spots before the margin of the forewing. 



— Of this there is again another side-form in which the spots at the distal margin of the forewings are orange. 

 It comes from Mexico, but it probably has another habitat as the larger sexpunctata from which it differs most 

 conspicuously by the marginal band of the hindwing being here orange, in sexpunctata, however, scarlet. — 

 flammula Bates is like zoega, but it has a much more extensively orange apex of the forewing, though the fUunmida, 

 orange is not, as in smitkiae or aurolimhata, continued along the distal margin; the hindwings have a mo- 

 derately broad orange margin and all the wings a crimson dot near the base. Near Teffe, rare, probably hardly 



to be maintained as a proper form of zoega; according to Stichel also in Brazil and Bolivia. — gynaeceas !/l/"a<?.ce«^- 

 G. and S. has, like pixe, a j^ellow apex of the forewing and 4 red basal dots, but by the reduction of the 

 yellow margin of the hindwing it forms a transition to xarifa. Central America and Mexico. 



L. xarifa Hew. (131b). Black, the forewings with an orange-yellow, apex, the hindwings, however, xarUn. 

 without a yellow margin. The animal is comparativelj^ very common and distributed all over the northern 

 part of South America, but it varies at everj^ habitat. Particularly the apical spot is sometimes verj^ small 

 and narrow, sometimes larger than our figure shows. It is quite useless to denominate all these forms, because 

 animals living only a few miles away from each other exhibit already constant differences, corresponding, 

 however, again with others that were taken at great distances from them. Also with respect to the red basal dots 

 there exist all kinds of possibilities: in the type there is a verjr large dot near the base of the forewing; in 

 quadripunctata Stick, another dot like it appears at the base of the hindwing, in inipunctata Stick. (131 b) S'""^'"'^""^' 

 the red dots are absent altogether. impunciata. 



L. vidaii Dogn. approximates the forms of zoega belonging to the pi.ve-group, and is immediate^ vidfili. 

 recognizable by the apical spot of the forewing being also of a magnificent hemochrome; from Loja in Ecuador. 



— laticlavia Stick, from Colombia has a broader red marginal band of the hindwing and the apical spot is laiiclavia. 

 enlarged. 



