Publ. 1. V. 1917. SYMMACHIA. By Dr. A. Seitz. d8l 



Under siu-face silky smoke-brown, dotted. The diagnose does not state whether the costa of the forewing 

 is sinuoijs, as in Sijmm. iigrina or uniformly round (as in Cricos. leopardinum). Not lying before me. Bolivia. 



S. \irgaurea Stick. (142 c). Similar to virgatula, but whereas the latter has a more red-brown ground- rirgmrrca. 

 colour, that of virgaiirea is brighter red, so that it reminds us of oui: Chrysophanus virgaureae. The apical 

 area of the forewing broad, the border narrow black. Between the 4 coniform, costal transver.se stripes a 

 fine striation. Larger than tigrina. Colombia. 



S. praxila Wu\ (128 g). Bright yellow dotted on a black ground, the small spots next to the ba.se pra^'i"- 

 and border of the forewing red. The most conspicuous of it is the colouring of the hunch of the base of 

 the costa, which seems to represent plastically a thick, curved appendage, looking like a feathered an- 

 tenna laid over the costal margin of the forewing. South Brazil. 



S. norina Hew. (128 g) greatly resembles the preceding, but it is smaller, the fine markings .sparser nryrina. 

 and duller yellowish instead of white. Amazon. 



S. calligrapha Hew. stands in the middle between the two preceding species, with respect to the raUtgrapha. 

 size as well as to the copious light small spots. From the Eio Tapajoz; a somewhat duller spotted, speci- 

 men from Guiana was regarded as the $ of the species. 



S. calliste Hew. (128 h, as hippea) already resembles the following .species deonyma by most of the faiu.<iic. 

 tiny spots of the upper surface being coloured in a bright red-brown; only above, at ancl below the cell-end 

 they are yet of a light colour. • — A somewhat smaller form of another flying-place, which, however, is not 

 to be denominated and represents a transition to norina, we have figured 128 h; it was by mistake denoted 

 as ..hippea" on the table, Brazil. 



S. cleonyma Hew. (128 h). All the small spots of a bright red-brown; but besides the disc of the cUonyma. 

 hindwing is rather extensively brightened up by red-brown. We figure a .specimen from Nicaragua ; Hewitsox 

 supplies a rather deviating figure; we reproduce the copy of it 134 g, which was by mistake denoted as 

 ,,calagutis'' on the table. — ■ leena Hew. (128 g) is somewhat smaller, but otherwise quite similar, some of the hom. 

 small spots of the upper surface ring-shaped, as for instance at the base and anal angle of the forewing. 

 Likewise from Nicaragua *). — harmodius G. and S. from Colombia is like leena, but the forewing without han)iodu(.'i. 

 spots, the brown cloud in the hindwing, however, distinct. ■ — multesima Stick, from Colombia is said to be mulie.rima. 

 similar, but to have a whitish costal spot, and in the forewing (like leena) a red-brown area. 



S. pardalis Hew. resembles praxila (128 g), but it is very much more densely and brightly coloured pardaUs. 

 in a reddish yellow, with red-yellow, small transverse bands in the costal part of the forewings. In the disc 

 of the wings the small spots are lighter yellow. — The last 9 forms, together with juratrix Wto. being unknown jurairLc. 

 to me in nature, are undoubtedly very closely allied to each other. Most of them are of only o n e very narrowly 

 circumscribed flying-place, and known only in 1 specimen, and it is not unlikely that they are modifications 

 of very few widely distributed, but throughout rare .species. 



S. menetas Drury (= tacitus F.) (128 d). A great part of the forewing and the whole hindwmg bright mcndn.i. 

 red, the costal part of the forewing black with white spots. In the $ (= eurina Schs.) the red runs before the 

 distal margin towards the apex. An extremely conspicuous butterfly already resembling in the flight certain 

 Lithosiids (which are also imitated by Microlepidoptera) in which, however, the proximal half of the wings is 

 red, the distal part being black and white, so that the resemblance disappears in the resting animal. South 

 Brazil. — In pilarius (SiicA. (128 d) the black in the wing is increased, partieidarly the dark border of the hind- pUariu.'^. 

 wing is broader. Likewise in South Brazil. — The species is very rare. 



S. rubina Bat. (= irata Stgr.) (128 d). The black-white part in the forewing towards the red not nihiim. 

 straight, but irregularly defined, moreover, the base of the forewing is broadly black. Mexico to Colombia. — 

 In technema Stick. (128 d) from Guiana the hindwings are still broadly margined in black. — The latter teehnejua. 

 is also the case in maeonius Stgr. from the Amazon, but here the black-white part of the forewing is so much maeonius. 

 developed that the bright red is confined to the inner-marginal part of the forewing. — Very rare. 



S. titiana Heiv. (128 f) is orange-yellow, with black margins of the wings and a black costal triangle tifiana. 

 embedded with white on the forewing. Ecuador. Very rare. 



S. arcuata Hew. (128 e). The red is here more miniate and confined to the inner marginal part and nrcua/n. 

 the disc of the hindwing. In the black part of the forewing only sparse, small white spots. Amazon. 



S. hetaerina Heiv. (128 e), originating like arcuata from the Amazon, is a very closely allied species heiamna. 

 or form, in which the inner .spot of the wings is dull bone-yellow. — hesione Stick, has the median area pale hesionc. 

 ochreous or pale reddish; Upper Amazon. — Rare. 



*) GoDM.\N and Sai.vix call our attention to a hair-pencil in the middle of the costal margin of the hindwing. by 

 which leena is .said to be di.stinguislied from nearly all the other Symmachia. 



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