﻿58 
  DR 
  ANDERSON 
  ON 
  CODEINE, 
  AND 
  

  

  whom 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  examined. 
  Codeine 
  has 
  been 
  analysed 
  by 
  its 
  discoverer, 
  

   Robiquet, 
  and 
  by 
  Couerbe, 
  Regnault, 
  Will, 
  Gregory, 
  and 
  Gerhardt. 
  All 
  the 
  

   analyses 
  of 
  these 
  observers 
  I 
  have 
  brought 
  together 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  table, 
  in 
  

   which, 
  however, 
  the 
  per 
  centage 
  results 
  are 
  not 
  those 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  original 
  papers, 
  

   but 
  have 
  been 
  calculated 
  from 
  the 
  analytical 
  numbers 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  new 
  equi- 
  

   valent 
  of 
  carbon.* 
  

  

  Anhydrous 
  Codeine. 
  

  

  ROBIQTJET.t 
  COUERBE.J 
  REGNAtJLT.§ 
  GREGOKY.|| 
  WlLL.f 
  

  

  Carbon, 
  . 
  70363 
  71-59 
  72-10 
  73-31 
  72-93 
  73-18 
  73-27 
  

  

  Hydrogen, 
  . 
  7*585 
  7*12 
  717 
  719 
  7-23 
  7'23 
  7*25 
  

  

  Nitrogen, 
  . 
  5-353 
  5-23 
  ••• 
  4-89 
  4-89 
  4-82 
  

  

  Oxygen, 
  . 
  16-699 
  16-06 
  ••• 
  14-61 
  14-95 
  14-77 
  

  

  10000 
  100-00 
  100-00 
  100-00 
  10000 
  

  

  Crystallised 
  Codeine. 
  

  

  Gerhardt.** 
  

  

  Carbon, 
  67:77 
  67"87 
  

  

  Hydrogen, 
  7"59 
  7-33 
  

  

  Nitrogen, 
  

  

  Oxygen, 
  

  

  From 
  these 
  analyses, 
  four 
  different 
  formulae 
  have 
  been 
  deduced. 
  Two 
  of 
  these, 
  

   however, 
  those 
  of 
  Robiquet 
  and 
  Couerbe, 
  do 
  not 
  require 
  particular 
  mention, 
  as 
  

   they 
  were 
  unsupported 
  by 
  any 
  accurate 
  determination 
  of 
  the 
  atomic 
  weight 
  of 
  

   the 
  substance, 
  and 
  are 
  now 
  certainly 
  known 
  not 
  to 
  represent 
  its 
  true 
  constitu- 
  

   tion. 
  That 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  hitherto 
  most 
  generally 
  adopted 
  by 
  chemists 
  is 
  the 
  one 
  

   founded 
  by 
  Regnault 
  upon 
  his 
  analysis, 
  and 
  represents 
  codeine 
  as 
  C 
  3 
  . 
  H 
  20 
  N0 
  5 
  , 
  

   and 
  the 
  crystallised 
  base 
  as 
  C 
  3S 
  H 
  20 
  NO. 
  +2 
  HO 
  ; 
  the 
  calculation 
  of 
  which 
  gives 
  

  

  

  Anhydrous. 
  

  

  Crystallised, 
  

  

  Carbon, 
  

  

  73-94 
  

  

  69-53 
  

  

  Hydrogen, 
  

  

  7-04 
  

  

  7-28 
  

  

  Nitrogen, 
  . 
  

  

  4-92 
  

  

  4-63 
  

  

  Oxygen, 
  . 
  

  

  14-10 
  

  

  18-50 
  

  

  100-00 
  100-00 
  

  

  The 
  analyses 
  of 
  Will 
  and 
  Gregory 
  have 
  usually 
  been 
  quoted 
  in 
  confirma- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  this 
  formula. 
  It 
  is 
  clear, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  agreement 
  between 
  the 
  calcu- 
  

   lated 
  and 
  experimental 
  results 
  is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  satisfactory, 
  either 
  in 
  them 
  or 
  in 
  

  

  * 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  Robiquet 
  and 
  Will's 
  analyses, 
  the 
  details 
  of 
  the 
  experiment 
  are 
  not 
  given. 
  I 
  

   have, 
  therefore, 
  been 
  obliged 
  to 
  convert 
  the 
  per 
  centage 
  of 
  carbon 
  into 
  carbonic 
  acid, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   old 
  equivalent 
  of 
  carbon, 
  and 
  recalculate 
  it 
  into 
  carbon 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  new 
  equivalent. 
  

  

  ■j" 
  Annales 
  de 
  Chimie 
  et 
  de 
  Physique, 
  vol. 
  li., 
  p 
  265. 
  

  

  j 
  Ibid., 
  vol. 
  lix., 
  p. 
  158. 
  § 
  Ibid., 
  vol. 
  lxviii., 
  p. 
  136. 
  

  

  || 
  Annalen 
  der 
  Chimie 
  und 
  Pharmacie, 
  vol. 
  xxvi., 
  p. 
  44. 
  % 
  Ibid. 
  

  

  ** 
  Revue 
  Scientifique, 
  vol. 
  x., 
  p. 
  203. 
  

  

  