﻿ITS 
  PRODUCTS 
  OF 
  DECOMPOSITION. 
  61 
  

  

  (5-858 
  grains 
  of 
  codeine, 
  with 
  chromate 
  of 
  lead, 
  gave 
  

   15-485 
  ... 
  of 
  carbonic 
  acid, 
  and 
  

   3-780 
  ... 
  of 
  water. 
  

  

  5*395 
  grains 
  of 
  codeine 
  gave, 
  by 
  Varrentrap 
  and 
  Will's 
  method, 
  3 
  70 
  grains 
  

   of 
  ammonio-chloride 
  of 
  platinum. 
  

  

  5*898 
  grains 
  gave, 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  method, 
  4*32 
  grains 
  of 
  ammonio-chloride 
  of 
  

   platinum. 
  

  

  

  I. 
  

  

  II. 
  

  

  III. 
  

  

  IV. 
  

  

  Carbon, 
  . 
  

  

  71*91 
  

  

  72-02 
  

  

  72-09 
  

  

  72-09 
  

  

  Hydrogen, 
  

  

  705 
  

  

  7*04 
  

  

  7*14 
  

  

  7-16 
  

  

  Nitrogen, 
  

  

  4-41 
  

  

  4-60 
  

  

  4-50 
  

  

  

  Oxygen, 
  

  

  16-63 
  

  

  16-34 
  

  

  16-27 
  

  

  

  100-00 
  100-00 
  100-00 
  

  

  These 
  results 
  confirm, 
  in 
  all 
  respects, 
  the 
  formula 
  C 
  36 
  H 
  21 
  NO 
  u 
  , 
  the 
  calculated 
  

   results 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  given 
  on 
  a 
  former 
  page. 
  The 
  determination 
  of 
  the 
  atomic 
  

   weight 
  of 
  codeine 
  by 
  the 
  analysis 
  of 
  its 
  platinum 
  salt, 
  presented 
  considerable 
  diffi- 
  

   culties, 
  and 
  at 
  first 
  gave 
  extremely 
  discordant 
  results, 
  the 
  per 
  centage 
  of 
  plati- 
  

   num 
  varying 
  from 
  18*51 
  to 
  20*30. 
  I 
  found, 
  however, 
  that 
  by 
  precipitating 
  in 
  the 
  

   cold, 
  a 
  salt 
  was 
  obtained, 
  to 
  be 
  afterwards 
  described, 
  which 
  gave 
  sufficiently 
  uni- 
  

   form 
  results. 
  This 
  salt, 
  dried 
  at 
  212°, 
  retained 
  an 
  equivalent 
  of 
  water. 
  It 
  gave, 
  

   as 
  the 
  mean 
  of 
  seven 
  experiments, 
  the 
  details 
  of 
  which 
  will 
  be 
  afterwards 
  given, 
  

   19*25 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  platinum, 
  while 
  the 
  calculation, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  above 
  formula, 
  

   requires 
  1919 
  per 
  cent. 
  These 
  determinations 
  leave 
  no 
  doubt 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  formula 
  

   of 
  codeine 
  ; 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  fully 
  confirmed 
  by 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  analyses 
  of 
  the 
  sub- 
  

   stances 
  to 
  be 
  described 
  in 
  the 
  sequel 
  of 
  this 
  paper. 
  

  

  Codeine 
  crystallised 
  from 
  water 
  or 
  hydrous 
  ether 
  is 
  obtained 
  in 
  crystals, 
  

   often 
  of 
  considerable 
  size, 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  right-prismatic 
  system, 
  and 
  presenting 
  

   a 
  considerable 
  number 
  of 
  modifications. 
  These 
  crystals 
  contain 
  two 
  equivalents 
  

   of 
  water 
  of 
  crystallisation, 
  as 
  determined 
  by 
  this 
  experiment 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  7*126 
  grains 
  crystallised 
  codeine 
  lost, 
  at 
  212°, 
  0*454= 
  5*66 
  per 
  cent, 
  water. 
  

  

  The 
  calculated 
  result 
  gives 
  5*67. 
  

  

  Codeine 
  is 
  an 
  extremely 
  powerful 
  base, 
  rapidly 
  restoring 
  the 
  blue 
  of 
  reddened 
  

   litmus, 
  and 
  precipitating 
  oxides 
  of 
  lead, 
  copper, 
  iron, 
  cobalt, 
  nickel, 
  and 
  other 
  

   metals, 
  from 
  their 
  solutions. 
  It 
  is 
  precipitated 
  by 
  potash 
  from 
  its 
  salts 
  ; 
  and 
  is 
  

   generally 
  stated 
  to 
  be 
  insoluble 
  in 
  that 
  alkali, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  true 
  only 
  of 
  very 
  highly 
  

   concentrated 
  solutions, 
  as 
  a 
  considerable 
  quantity 
  of 
  strong 
  potash 
  may 
  be 
  added 
  

   to 
  a 
  saturated 
  solution 
  of 
  codeine 
  in 
  water 
  without 
  producing 
  precipitation 
  ; 
  and 
  

   even 
  when 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  potash 
  is 
  added, 
  a 
  certain 
  quantity 
  of 
  the 
  base 
  

   is 
  still 
  retained 
  in 
  solution. 
  Codeine 
  is 
  soluble 
  in 
  ammonia, 
  but 
  not 
  more 
  so 
  than 
  

   in 
  water. 
  100 
  parts 
  of 
  a 
  moderately 
  strong 
  solution 
  of 
  ammonia 
  dissolved, 
  at 
  60°, 
  

   1*46 
  parts 
  of 
  codeine 
  ; 
  and 
  according 
  to 
  Robiquet, 
  100 
  parts 
  of 
  water, 
  at 
  59°, 
  dis- 
  

   solve 
  1*26 
  parts. 
  Contrary 
  to 
  what 
  is 
  usually 
  stated, 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  that 
  codeine 
  

  

  VOL. 
  XX. 
  PART 
  I. 
  R 
  

  

  