﻿62 
  DR 
  ANDERSON 
  ON 
  CODEINE, 
  AND 
  

  

  is 
  precipitated 
  from 
  all 
  its 
  salts 
  by 
  ammonia 
  ; 
  it 
  does 
  not, 
  however, 
  fall 
  imme- 
  

   diately, 
  but 
  is 
  slowly 
  deposited 
  in 
  small 
  transparent 
  crystals. 
  

  

  II. 
  Salts 
  of 
  Codeine. 
  

  

  HydrocMorate 
  of 
  Codeine. 
  — 
  This 
  salt 
  is 
  readily 
  obtained 
  by 
  saturating 
  hot 
  

   dilute 
  hydrochloric 
  acid 
  with 
  pure 
  codeine. 
  If 
  the 
  solution 
  has 
  been 
  sufficiently 
  

   concentrated, 
  it 
  becomes 
  nearly 
  solid 
  on 
  cooling, 
  but 
  if 
  more 
  dilute, 
  the 
  salt 
  is 
  

   deposited 
  in 
  radiated 
  groups 
  of 
  short 
  needles, 
  which, 
  under 
  the 
  microscope, 
  are 
  

   found 
  to 
  be 
  four-sided 
  prisms 
  terminated 
  by 
  dihedral 
  summits. 
  It 
  is 
  never 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  in 
  large 
  crystals, 
  even 
  when 
  considerable 
  quantities 
  are 
  crystallised. 
  These 
  

   crystals 
  are 
  soluble 
  in 
  20 
  times 
  their 
  weight 
  of 
  water 
  at 
  GO 
  3 
  , 
  and 
  in 
  less 
  than 
  their 
  

   weight 
  of 
  water 
  at 
  212°. 
  Codeine 
  is 
  precipitated 
  from 
  the 
  saturated 
  cold 
  solution 
  

   immediately 
  by 
  potash; 
  ammonia 
  gives 
  no 
  precipitate, 
  but 
  after 
  some 
  time 
  

   colourless 
  crystals 
  are 
  deposited. 
  The 
  crystallised 
  hydrochlorate 
  of 
  codeine 
  con- 
  

   tains 
  water 
  of 
  crystallisation, 
  and 
  presents 
  some 
  curious 
  anomalies 
  in 
  its 
  rela- 
  

   tions 
  to 
  that 
  fluid. 
  When 
  dried 
  in 
  the 
  air, 
  it 
  retains 
  four 
  equivalents 
  of 
  water, 
  one 
  

   of 
  which 
  escapes 
  at 
  212°, 
  but 
  the 
  remaining 
  three 
  are 
  only 
  expelled 
  at 
  250°, 
  and 
  at 
  

   the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  salt 
  loses 
  acid, 
  and 
  acquires 
  an 
  alkaline 
  reaction. 
  It 
  would 
  

   appear, 
  also, 
  that 
  under 
  certain 
  circumstances, 
  the 
  salt 
  is 
  deposited 
  in 
  anhydrous 
  

   crystals, 
  as 
  one 
  analysis 
  of 
  it 
  dried 
  at 
  212", 
  gave 
  numbers 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  an- 
  

   hydrous 
  salt. 
  I 
  could 
  not, 
  however, 
  again 
  succeed 
  in 
  obtaining 
  it 
  in 
  this 
  condition 
  ; 
  

   but 
  many 
  analyses 
  were 
  made 
  which 
  gave 
  results 
  lying 
  between 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  anhy- 
  

   drous 
  and 
  crystallised 
  salts, 
  and 
  the 
  only 
  means 
  of 
  explaining 
  the 
  discrepancy 
  is 
  by 
  

   supposing 
  that 
  the 
  two 
  sorts 
  of 
  crystals 
  had 
  been 
  deposited 
  simultaneously 
  and 
  in 
  

   variable 
  proportions. 
  The 
  following 
  is 
  the 
  analysis 
  of 
  the 
  salt 
  dried 
  at 
  212° 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  {6-035 
  grains 
  hydrochlorate 
  of 
  codeine 
  gave 
  

   13-208 
  ... 
  of 
  carbonic 
  acid, 
  

   3-830 
  ... 
  of 
  water. 
  

  

  

  Experiment. 
  

  

  59-68 
  

  

  

  Calculation. 
  

  

  

  Carbon, 
  

  

  59-58 
  

  

  ^36 
  

  

  216 
  

  

  Hydrogen, 
  

  

  7-08 
  

  

  6.89 
  

  

  H 
  25 
  

  

  25 
  

  

  Nitrogen, 
  

  

  . 
  

  

  3-86 
  

  

  N 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  Oxygen, 
  

  

  

  19-88 
  

  

  o 
  9 
  

  

  72 
  

  

  Chlorine, 
  

  

  • 
  

  

  9-79 
  

  

  CI 
  

  

  35-5 
  

  

  100-00 
  362-5 
  

  

  10-735 
  grains 
  of 
  the 
  salt 
  lost, 
  at 
  212°, 
  0-31 
  grains 
  of 
  water=288 
  per 
  cent. 
  

   One 
  equivalent 
  of 
  water 
  gives 
  by 
  calculation 
  2*42 
  per 
  cent. 
  The 
  formula 
  of 
  the 
  

   air-dried 
  salt 
  is 
  therefore 
  C 
  36 
  H 
  21 
  N0 
  6 
  H 
  CI 
  + 
  4 
  HO. 
  

  

  The 
  anhydrous 
  salt 
  gave 
  the 
  following 
  results. 
  Of 
  these, 
  No. 
  I. 
  is 
  the 
  salt 
  

   obtained 
  by 
  direct 
  crystallisation 
  from 
  the 
  morphia 
  mother-liquor 
  ; 
  No. 
  II. 
  is 
  that 
  

  

  