﻿LIKE 
  THE 
  SYRINX 
  OF 
  THE 
  ANCIENTS. 
  125 
  

  

  holes. 
  Their 
  obvious 
  use 
  is 
  to 
  receive 
  a 
  cord, 
  for 
  the 
  convenience 
  of 
  holding 
  the 
  

   instrument 
  more 
  firmly, 
  or 
  of 
  hanging 
  it 
  up. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  eight 
  pipes 
  or 
  cylindrical 
  tubes 
  scooped 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  

   stone 
  : 
  they 
  have 
  a 
  diameter 
  of 
  about 
  0*3 
  inch, 
  and 
  rise 
  in 
  a 
  sort 
  of 
  general 
  neck 
  

   three-fourths 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  above 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  instrument, 
  forming 
  a 
  horizontal 
  

   connected 
  series 
  of 
  tubes, 
  which, 
  however, 
  have 
  no 
  communication 
  with 
  each 
  other. 
  

   Their 
  upper 
  edges, 
  on 
  one 
  side, 
  are 
  slightly 
  thinned, 
  which, 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  the 
  orna- 
  

   ments 
  on 
  the 
  side, 
  shew 
  what 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  tube 
  was 
  pressed 
  against 
  the 
  lips. 
  

  

  These 
  circumstances 
  prove 
  that 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  instrument, 
  like 
  the 
  organetto, 
  

   was 
  held 
  by 
  the 
  player 
  with 
  the 
  longest 
  tubes, 
  or 
  lowest 
  notes, 
  toward 
  his 
  right 
  

   hand. 
  The 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  tubes 
  was 
  carefully 
  measured, 
  and 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  No. 
  

  

  

  Inches. 
  

  

  1. 
  

  

  = 
  

  

  4-90 
  

  

  2. 
  

  

  = 
  

  

  4-50 
  

  

  3. 
  

  

  = 
  

  

  4-12 
  

  

  4. 
  

  

  = 
  

  

  3-50 
  

  

  No. 
  

  

  

  Inches. 
  

  

  5. 
  

  

  = 
  

  

  2-45 
  

  

  6. 
  

  

  = 
  

  

  2-85 
  

  

  7. 
  

  

  = 
  

  

  200 
  

  

  8. 
  

  

  = 
  

  

  1-58 
  

  

  Though 
  these 
  measurements 
  do 
  not 
  seem 
  quite 
  to 
  accord 
  with 
  the 
  usual 
  propor- 
  

   tionate 
  length 
  of 
  pipes 
  with 
  regular 
  musical 
  intervals, 
  they 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   adjusted 
  from 
  experimental 
  trials 
  by 
  the 
  maker 
  ; 
  and 
  I 
  used 
  every 
  precaution 
  in 
  

   measuring 
  them 
  with 
  a 
  delicate 
  instrument. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  common 
  organetto, 
  the 
  tubes 
  are 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  Spanish 
  reed 
  (Arundo 
  

   Donax), 
  of 
  unequal 
  lengths. 
  These 
  are 
  usually 
  16 
  in 
  number; 
  and 
  as 
  each 
  pipe 
  

   differs 
  from 
  the 
  next 
  a 
  note 
  of 
  the 
  ordinary 
  musical 
  scale, 
  the 
  compass 
  of 
  the 
  

   instrument, 
  with 
  the 
  usual 
  mode 
  of 
  blowing 
  it, 
  is 
  two 
  octaves. 
  These 
  tubes 
  are 
  

   open 
  at 
  both 
  ends 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  instrument 
  is 
  tuned 
  by 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  

   cork, 
  which 
  is 
  pushed 
  farther 
  down 
  when 
  the 
  tone 
  of 
  the 
  note 
  is 
  too 
  sharp, 
  and 
  

   pushed 
  farther 
  up 
  when 
  the 
  tone 
  is 
  too 
  flat. 
  The 
  key-note 
  is 
  first 
  pitched 
  from 
  

   some 
  other 
  instrument, 
  or 
  by 
  a 
  tuning-fork 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  pipes 
  are 
  adjusted 
  

   by 
  the 
  ear 
  from 
  the 
  key-note. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  instrument 
  the 
  tone 
  of 
  the 
  notes 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  ad- 
  

   justed 
  with 
  considerable 
  skill, 
  by 
  careful 
  drilling 
  of 
  the 
  stone 
  ; 
  and 
  this 
  has 
  been 
  

   done 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  circular 
  drill 
  with 
  cutting 
  edges 
  and 
  a 
  hollowed 
  centre, 
  as 
  

   the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  holes 
  still 
  shews. 
  The 
  truth 
  of 
  the 
  tones 
  shews 
  that 
  this 
  

   boring 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  done 
  without 
  repeated 
  trials 
  of 
  the 
  effect 
  ; 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  

   reason 
  to 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  artist 
  knew 
  also 
  how 
  to 
  amend 
  the 
  tone 
  by 
  

   stopping 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  pipe 
  when 
  necessary. 
  

  

  The 
  Peruvian 
  instrument 
  has 
  eight 
  notes, 
  in 
  the 
  ordinary 
  way 
  of 
  blowing 
  it 
  ; 
  

   but, 
  by 
  contracting 
  the 
  orifice 
  of 
  the 
  mouth, 
  and 
  by 
  pressing 
  the 
  orifice 
  of 
  the 
  

   tube 
  toward 
  the 
  lip, 
  an 
  octane 
  to 
  the 
  first 
  is 
  obtained 
  from 
  each 
  note, 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  

   force 
  of 
  the 
  blast 
  be 
  very 
  strong 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time, 
  a 
  third 
  octave 
  may 
  be 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  : 
  so 
  that, 
  in 
  the 
  hands 
  of 
  an 
  expert 
  performer, 
  the 
  instrument 
  had 
  consider- 
  

   able 
  compass. 
  In 
  this 
  paper, 
  however, 
  we 
  shall 
  confine 
  our 
  notice 
  to 
  what 
  may 
  

  

  VOL. 
  XX. 
  PART 
  I. 
  2 
  L 
  

  

  