﻿DESTRUCTIVE 
  DISTILLATION 
  OF 
  ANIMAL 
  SUBSTANCES. 
  257 
  

  

  

  Mean. 
  

  

  26-35 
  

  

  

  Calculation. 
  

  

  

  Carbon, 
  

  

  26-81 
  

  

  C 
  U 
  

  

  84 
  

  

  Hydrogen, 
  

  

  3-23 
  

  

  3-19 
  

  

  H 
  10 
  

  

  10 
  

  

  Nitrogen, 
  . 
  

  

  

  4-49 
  

  

  N 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  Chlorine, 
  . 
  

  

  

  34-00 
  

  

  C 
  k 
  

  

  106-5 
  

  

  Platinum, 
  . 
  

  

  31-50 
  

  

  31-51 
  

  

  Pt 
  

  

  98-7 
  

  

  100-00 
  313-2 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  clear, 
  from 
  these 
  analyses, 
  that 
  the 
  salt 
  obtained 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  

   which 
  the 
  analysis 
  is 
  given 
  above 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  equally 
  evident, 
  from 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  

   small 
  quantities 
  of 
  picoline, 
  that 
  the 
  base 
  itself 
  was 
  not 
  obtained 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  

   absolute 
  purity, 
  notwithstanding 
  the 
  close 
  approximation 
  of 
  the 
  experimental 
  

   results 
  with 
  those 
  required 
  by 
  theory. 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  struck 
  throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  

   course 
  of 
  the 
  investigation 
  by 
  the 
  fact, 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  fraction 
  corresponding 
  to 
  

   the 
  boiling 
  point 
  of 
  any 
  particular 
  base 
  has 
  been 
  analysed, 
  results 
  very 
  nearly 
  

   correct 
  were 
  obtained, 
  even 
  when 
  the 
  substance 
  was 
  very 
  far 
  from 
  being 
  pure. 
  I 
  

   found, 
  for 
  instance, 
  in 
  the 
  earlier 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  investigation, 
  that 
  the 
  fraction 
  boil- 
  

   ing 
  between 
  270° 
  and 
  280°, 
  after 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  rectifications, 
  gives 
  precisely 
  the 
  

   results 
  obtained 
  from 
  pure 
  picoline, 
  although 
  on 
  further 
  rectification 
  the 
  fluid 
  will 
  

   begin 
  to 
  boil 
  about 
  250°, 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  portion 
  will 
  still 
  remain 
  in 
  the 
  retort 
  when 
  

   the 
  thermometer 
  has 
  risen 
  to 
  300°. 
  It 
  is, 
  however, 
  readily 
  intelligible, 
  that 
  this 
  

   should 
  be 
  the 
  case 
  when 
  we 
  have 
  to 
  deal 
  with 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  homologous 
  bases, 
  in 
  

   which 
  the 
  per-centage 
  of 
  carbon 
  goes 
  on 
  increasing 
  as 
  the 
  boiling 
  point 
  rises, 
  so 
  

   that, 
  as 
  in 
  this 
  particular 
  case, 
  we 
  have 
  the 
  excess 
  of 
  carbon 
  in 
  the 
  less 
  volatile 
  

   base 
  exactly 
  counterbalancing 
  the 
  deficiency 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  volatile. 
  Thus 
  lutidine, 
  

   containing 
  78'5 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  carbon, 
  and 
  pyridine 
  only 
  75-9, 
  and 
  each 
  successive 
  

   rectification 
  removing 
  equal 
  quantities 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  and 
  less 
  volatile 
  substances 
  of 
  

   which 
  the 
  boiling 
  points 
  are 
  equidistant 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  intermediate 
  member 
  of 
  

   the 
  series, 
  must 
  always 
  leave 
  a 
  substance 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  quantities 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  im- 
  

   purities 
  must 
  be 
  exactly 
  sufficient 
  to 
  counterbalance 
  the 
  error 
  which 
  each 
  will 
  

   occasion. 
  

  

  Hydrargo-chloride 
  of 
  Lutidine. 
  — 
  I 
  directed 
  my 
  attention 
  to 
  this 
  compound, 
  

   which 
  is 
  sparingly 
  soluble 
  and 
  crystallizable, 
  in 
  hopes 
  that 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  adapted 
  

   to 
  the 
  purification 
  of 
  the 
  base 
  itself. 
  I 
  soon, 
  however, 
  abandoned 
  it, 
  as 
  it 
  turned 
  

   out 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  possible, 
  in 
  repeating 
  its 
  preparation, 
  to 
  obtain 
  invariably 
  the 
  

   same 
  substance, 
  each 
  base 
  appearing, 
  like 
  aniline, 
  to 
  form 
  different 
  compounds 
  with 
  

   corrosive 
  sublimate. 
  When 
  a 
  solution 
  of 
  corrosive 
  sublimate 
  in 
  alcohol 
  is 
  added 
  to 
  

   an 
  alcoholic 
  solution 
  of 
  lutidine, 
  a 
  curdy 
  white 
  precipitate 
  falls 
  immediately, 
  unless 
  

   the 
  solutions 
  be 
  highly 
  dilute, 
  in 
  which 
  case 
  it 
  is 
  slowly 
  deposited 
  in 
  groups 
  

   , 
  of 
  radiated 
  crystals. 
  This 
  salt 
  dissolves 
  in 
  boiling 
  water, 
  with 
  partial 
  decom- 
  

   position; 
  it 
  is 
  still 
  more 
  soluble 
  in 
  spirit, 
  and 
  is 
  deposited 
  unchanged 
  as 
  the 
  

   solution 
  cools. 
  The 
  following 
  analysis 
  corresponds 
  exactly 
  with 
  the 
  formula 
  

   2HgCl 
  + 
  C 
  u 
  H 
  9 
  N. 
  

  

  