﻿348 
  dr 
  Anderson's 
  researches 
  on 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  Morphine, 
  C 
  3i 
  H 
  19 
  NO 
  fi 
  

  

  Codeine, 
  C 
  36 
  H 
  21 
  N0 
  6 
  

  

  Papareine, 
  ..... 
  C 
  40 
  H 
  21 
  NO 
  g 
  

  

  Narcotine, 
  ..... 
  C 
  46 
  H 
  2g 
  NO 
  u 
  

  

  And 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  decomposition 
  have 
  been 
  entered 
  upon 
  in 
  some 
  detail 
  in 
  

   the 
  case 
  of 
  narcotine 
  and 
  codeine, 
  but 
  are 
  still 
  entirely 
  unexamined 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  

   two. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  remaining 
  six, 
  porphoroxine 
  is 
  as 
  yet 
  unanalysed 
  ; 
  opianine 
  is 
  only 
  of 
  

   recent 
  discovery, 
  and 
  the 
  details 
  of 
  its 
  analysis 
  not 
  having 
  yet 
  been 
  published, 
  

   the 
  formula 
  given 
  for 
  it 
  must 
  still 
  be 
  considered 
  doubtful. 
  The 
  other 
  four 
  

   have 
  been 
  submitted 
  to 
  analysis, 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  their 
  discovery, 
  but 
  

   the 
  results 
  obtained 
  are 
  very 
  imperfect, 
  and 
  not 
  of 
  a 
  character 
  to 
  inspire 
  much 
  

   confidence 
  in 
  their 
  accuracy. 
  The 
  following 
  are 
  the 
  formulae 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  

   most 
  generally 
  adopted 
  for 
  these 
  substances 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Thebaine, 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  C 
  25 
  H 
  14 
  N0 
  3 
  

  

  Pseudomorphine, 
  

   Narceine, 
  . 
  

   Opianine, 
  . 
  

   Meconine, 
  . 
  

  

  C 
  27 
  H 
  18 
  N0 
  24 
  

   C 
  28 
  H 
  20 
  N0 
  12 
  

   C 
  GG 
  H 
  36 
  NO 
  M 
  

   C 
  10 
  H 
  S 
  4 
  

  

  These 
  formulae 
  are 
  very 
  far 
  from 
  being 
  satisfactory 
  ; 
  indeed, 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  

   purely 
  empirical, 
  and 
  even 
  in 
  those 
  instances 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  atomic 
  weight 
  has 
  

   been 
  determined, 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  done 
  according 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  methods, 
  on 
  

   which 
  much 
  dependence 
  could 
  not 
  at 
  any 
  time 
  be 
  placed, 
  and 
  which 
  are 
  now 
  

   entirely 
  superseded 
  by 
  more 
  accurate 
  and 
  satisfactory 
  methods 
  of 
  experiment. 
  

   As 
  far 
  as 
  their 
  physical 
  properties 
  are 
  concerned 
  we 
  have 
  tolerably 
  — 
  though 
  only 
  

   tolerably 
  — 
  accurate 
  information 
  ; 
  but 
  of 
  their 
  products 
  of 
  decomposition 
  absolutely 
  

   nothing 
  is 
  known 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  meconine, 
  on 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  just 
  sufficient 
  

   information 
  to 
  shew 
  how 
  much 
  interesting 
  matter 
  lies 
  ready 
  for 
  investigation. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  paper 
  contains 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  a 
  pretty 
  extended 
  investigation 
  of 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  constituents 
  of 
  opium, 
  to 
  which 
  my 
  attention 
  has 
  been 
  directed 
  by 
  

   the 
  facilities 
  afforded, 
  by 
  an 
  extensive 
  morphia 
  manufactory, 
  of 
  obtaining 
  products 
  

   which, 
  though 
  commercially 
  little 
  better 
  than 
  refuse, 
  are 
  of 
  much 
  interest 
  in 
  a 
  

   scientific 
  point 
  of 
  view. 
  

  

  For 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  the 
  bases 
  which 
  form 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  my 
  investigation, 
  

   I 
  have 
  made 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  mother 
  liquors 
  of 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  muriate 
  of 
  morphine 
  

   by 
  the 
  process 
  of 
  Robertson 
  and 
  Gregory. 
  This 
  method, 
  as 
  is 
  well 
  known, 
  con- 
  

   sists 
  in 
  precipitating 
  the 
  aqueous 
  infusion 
  of 
  opium 
  with 
  a 
  solution 
  of 
  chloride 
  of 
  

   calcium, 
  filtering 
  from 
  the 
  meconate 
  of 
  lime 
  and 
  evaporating 
  the 
  solution 
  to 
  a 
  

   small 
  bulk. 
  On 
  cooling, 
  crystals 
  of 
  muriate 
  of 
  morphine 
  are 
  deposited, 
  which 
  are 
  

   separated 
  by 
  expression, 
  and 
  the 
  mother 
  liquor 
  again 
  evaporated. 
  A 
  fresh 
  crop 
  

   of 
  crystals 
  is 
  thus 
  obtained, 
  and 
  the 
  evaporation 
  is 
  continued 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  muriate 
  of 
  

  

  