CONNECTICUT RIVER SANDSTONE. 41 



factory accuracy, and all that can be said is, that in point of magnitude, massive 

 proportions of the feet, and long stride, there are strong analogies to confirm 

 this belief; and it presumptively follows, that in the habits and instincts of the 

 extinct and living races, corresponding affinities should also exist. 



To the above description of Dr. Deane it may be added, that he first described and 

 figured the specimen in the Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 

 Vol. 4, New Series. 



Dr. Hitchcock describes this species under the name of Brontozoum exsertum, in 

 the Ichnology of Massachusetts. 



Length of step thirty inches, width of trackway six inches. 



PLATE XIV. 



No description given by Dr. Deane. 



This has generally been regarded as of the same species with that figured on Plate 

 15; but Dr. Hitchcock has described it as different, under the name of Brontozoum 

 minusculum. Specimens are abundant in the cabinet at Amherst. 



Length of step twenty to twenty-seven inches, width of trackway twelve and one 

 half inches. 



PLATE XV. 



The footprint drawn upon this Plate is that of a gigantic tridactylous bird, 

 that lived in great numbers throughout the sandstone period. These impressions 

 are most abundant at Turner's Falls and South Hadley Falls, and they indicate 

 animals that, for magnitude, are without parallel in modern times. With a single 

 exception, perhaps (PI. 40), they were doubtless the most powerful of all the 

 animals of this formation. 



This enormous footprint is formed upon the true ornithic type, having the 

 requisite number and articulations of the toes. The inner toe has two, the 

 middle three, and the outer four phalanges, exclusive of the terminal phalanges 

 that belong . to the claws. The first phalanges of the respective toes are in 

 contact, but the extremities of the lateral toes are considerably separated from the 

 central toe, consequently there is not that modification of form of the toes, caused 

 by contact of these members, that occurs in other large examples (PL 13). The 



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