47 

 Usinger: Introduction 



Hackle Stems Wind Working 

 (Stripped) Silk to Hook-eye 



Enlarge Thorax 



d Fasten Hump 



Material 



REFERENCES 



Add Antennae 

 if Required 



Intro fig. 65. Technique for tying a nymph 

 (J. Edson Leonard, 1950). 



jalso be obtained commercially but many of the body 

 ] materials are commonly available as quills, wool, 

 | kapok, tinsel, chenille, and chicken feathers. Special 

 1 terminology (intro. fig. 62) is used for the various 

 ; parts of a "fly." Techniques are shown (intro. figs. 

 ; 63-65) for tying a wet fly, a dry fly, and a nymph, 

 respectively. 



With sufficient skill it is possible to copy such 

 standard fly patterns as the "Royal Coachman" or to 

 j imitate insects found flying at the stream side or 

 ^discovered by dissecting fish stomachs. However, 

 : ; as pointed out by Neill (1938), it is not known whether 

 (dry flies and wet flies "are invariably accepted by 

 ', trout for what they are intended to represent." In 

 ! fact, evidence has been obtained indicating that fish 

 j take food strictly according to its accessibility with- 

 out exercising fine discrimination or food preferences. 



1 From the preceding discussion it is evident that 



i aquatic entomology is a large and complex subject. 



i Cutting across many specialized fields, it includes 



1 much of general entomology and limnology and certain 



aspects of public health and wildlife management. 



The aquatic entomologist should be well grounded 



in these diverse fields and in addition should be 



able to use the technical keys and descriptions given 



! or referred to in the following chapters and thus make 



j the study of insects an integral part of his work. 



U.I.I WIS, CLAUDUS 



1611. De animalium Datura 1 1 1 >r i XVII. Lyon . tpud. I. 

 I'ornaesium. pp. 4 + 1018 ■ 94 1 

 BARBER, \i. A., and T. B. 1 1 \ ', 



1921. Arsenic as a larvioide for anopheline larvae ■ I'ubl. 

 Illili. Reps., 36:8027-8084. 

 BERNERS, DAME JULIANA 



1496. The treatyse of fysshinge with an angle, pp. 81 

 in Book of hawking, hunting, and heraldry. We 

 Wynkyn de Word.'. 71 pp. 3d ad. (1 i ed. I486, 

 boke Of Saint Albans." Lack the "Tn i\ ■ ■"■> 

 BRUNETT1, ROSEMARY, R. K. FRITZ, and \. C. HOL- 

 LISTER, JR. 



1954. An outbreak of malaria in California, LQ52-1058. 

 Amer. Jour. Trop. Med. Hyp;., 3:779-788. 



CAMP, C. L. 



1952. Earth song, A prologue to history. University of 

 California Press, pp. 1-127. 



CARPENTER, F. M. 



1953. The geological history and evolution of in i 

 Amer. Sci., 41:256-270. 



CARPENTER, K. E. 



1928. Life in inland waters, with especial reference to 

 animals. London; Sidgwick and Jackson, Ltd. pp. 

 xviii + 267. 

 CARPENTER, S. J., and W. J. LACASSE 



1955. Mosquitoes of North America. Berkeley: University 

 of California Press, pp. vii + 360, 127 plates. 



COMSTOCK, J. H. 



1887. Note on the respiration of aquatic bugs. Amer. Nat., 

 21:577-578. 

 CRONEMILLER, F. P. 



1955. Making new trout streams in the Sierra Nevada, tn 

 Water, the Yearbook of Agriculture for 1955. U.S.D.A. 

 pp. xiii + 751 (583-586). 

 DAVIS, W. M. 



1933. The Lakes of California. Calif. Jour. Mines, 

 29:175-236. 



DAVISON, V. E., and J. A. JOHNSON 



1943. Fish for food from farm ponds. U.S.D.A., Fmrs' 

 Bull. 140. pp. 1-22. 

 DEEVEY, E. S., JR. 



1942. Studies on Connecticut lake sediments. III. The 

 biostratonomy of Linsley Pond. Amer. Jour. Sci., 

 240:233-264. 

 DIMICK, R. E., and D. C. MOTE 



1934. A preliminary survey of the food of Oregon trout. 

 Bull. Oregon Agric. Expt. Sta., 323:1-23. 



DOUDOROFF, P., and M. KATZ 



1950. Critical review of literature on the toxicity of 

 industrial wastes and their components to fish. I. Al- 

 kalies, acids, and inorganic gases. Sewage and Ind. 

 Wastes, 22:1432-1458. 

 1953. II. The metals, as salts. Sewage and Ind. Wastes, 

 25:802-839. 

 DOUDOROFF, P., M. KATZ, and C. M. TARZWELL 



1953. To< icity of some organic insecticides to fish. 

 Sewage and Ind. Wastes, 25:840-844. 



ELIASSEN, R. 



1952. Stream pollution. Sci. Amer., 186:17-21. 

 ELTON, CHARLES 



1947. Animal ecology. 3d Impression. London; Sidgwick 

 and Jackson, Ltd. pp. xx + 209. 

 EMBODY, G. C. 



1927. An outline of stream study and the development of 

 a stocking policy. Contr. Aquiculture Lab. Cornell 

 Univ. p. 1-21. (Privately printed.) 

 FONTAINE, R. E., H. F. GRAY, and T. AARONS 



1954. Malaria control at Lake Vera, California, in 

 1952-53. Amer. Jour. Trop. Med. Hyg., 3:789-792. 



FORBES, S. A. 



1887. The lake as a microcosm. Reprinted, Bull. Illinois 

 Nat. Hist. Surv., 15:537-550, 1925. 

 FOREL, F. A. 



1892-1904. Le Leman. Monographie limnologique. Lau- 

 _ sanne, 3 vols. 



