51 



Lottin: Introduction 



Intro, fig. 68. The correct use of the beating sheet (Ross, 1953). 



\ H , ' ■ ■ d / 



Intro, fig. 69. Details of the Berlese Funnel; a, light bulb; 

 b, metal cover; c, metal cylinder to hold debris; d, sheet of 

 aluminum foil; e, debris; f, circular piece of 1/2" hardware cloth 

 with metal rim; g, one of three metal flanges fastened to inside 

 of cylinder to support screen; h, metal funnel; /', supporting stand; 

 ;', lid of mason jar; k, mason jar; /, 70 per cent ethyl alcohol 

 (original). 



heavier material and ma) be made of heavy-dut) 



muslin with canvas reinforcement along the Leading 

 edge. It is swept through heavy vegetation, jarring 

 loose and capturing man) small insect* that would 

 otherwise be overlooked (intro. fig. 67). Net - and 

 other equipment may ho homemade or obtained from 

 biological supply houses such as Ward's Natural 

 Science Establishment, Rochester, N.Y.; Turtox 

 (General Biological Supply House, Chicago, III.), and 

 others. Specialized limnological equipment ma) In- 

 ordered from the equipment shop of the California 

 Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 



Beating sheet. — This device consists of a sheet of 

 canvas stretched over a wooden frame (intro. fig. 68). 

 It is held under vegetation from which insects are 

 jarred loose with a stick. On a warm, sunn\ da) 

 considerable dexterity is needed to capture quick- 

 flying insects before they leave the sheet. A hook- 

 handled umbrella, used upside down, is a useful 

 "beating sheet" because the handle can be slipped 

 around the neck, leaving both hands free to collect 

 the insects. 



Berlese funnel. — The Berlese funnel is useful for 

 collecting small insects living in duff or debris at 

 or near the edge of the water. It consists of a large 

 funnel with a screen inserted to hold the material 

 (intro. fig. 69). The debris is brought back to the 

 laboratory in sacks and dumped into the funnel. A 

 strong light is placed above, and the heat and light 

 drive the insects down the funnel, through the screen, 

 and into a jar of 70 per cent alcohol. A sheet of 

 aluminum foil placed on the debris increases the 

 effectiveness of the funnel and prevents the possi- 

 bility of fire. The Berlese funnel is particularly useful 

 for collecting springtails and many small beetles 

 and bugs which are seldom seen or collected by any 

 other method. 



Light traps. — Many different types of light traps 

 have been designed. Briefly, they consist of a light 

 source that attracts insects, and some method of 



Roof-26 Gauge Galvanized 

 Iron Painted White Inside^ 



Vie* Screen over 

 Mouth of Tube 



22-Gauge Galvanized 

 Iron Tube 



25 Watt Bulb 



8' Electric Fan 



\^- Three Legsl/i'xl" Band 

 X Iron Equally Spaced 



SOCKET MOUNTING 



ELEVATION 



22-Gauge Galvanized 

 Iron Hoop 



Funnel Made 



of 16-Mesh 



Copper Screening 



1" Hole Through Cap 



DEFLECTING FUNNEL 



Intro, fig. 70. Structural details of New Jersey light trap 

 (Malaria Contr. Imp. Waters). 



