92 



Day: Ephemeroptera 



Gills pale gray brown with chitinous ridge along lower 

 edges and chitinous band 1/3 distance below dorsal edge; 

 a spur almost as long as tarsus projects from apical end of 

 fore tibia (fig. 3:11/). 



Subfomily LEPTOPHLEBIINAE 



Key to the Genera 



Adults 



1. Hind wing much reduced in size, venation rather scanty; 

 a distinct costal angulation halfway to apex 2 



— Hind wing somewhat larger, venation less reduced; no 

 costal angulation, costal margin slightly concave at 

 center 6 



2. Costal angulation of hind wing obtuse; no sag in Of of 

 forewing 3 



— Costal angulation of hind wing acute; a distinct sag 

 usually evident in Of of forewing 4 



3. M of hind wing forked; fore tarsus of male shorter than 

 tibia Thraulodes Ulmer 



— M of hind wing not forked (fig. 3:13£); male fore tarsus 

 subequal to tibia Choroterpes Eaton 



4. Forceps base of male entire; apical margin of subanal 

 plate of female only slightly cleft 



Traverella Edmunds 



— Forceps base of male rather deeply cleft, as is the 

 apical margin of subanal plate of female 5 



5. In hind wing subcosta ends in margin at outer side of 

 costal angulation; 2 end joints of forceps short, together 

 not 1/4 length of preceding joint 



Habrophlebiodes Ulmer 



— In hind wing subcosta extends almost to apex of wing; 

 2 end joints of forceps together equal in length the 

 preceding joint Habrophlebia Eaton 



6. Penes of male separated almost to base; a long flaplike 

 appendage is attached near apex of each and extends 

 inward and downward between lobes of penes 



Leptophlebia Westwood 



— Penes usually not as above; usually 2 sets of append- 

 ages, an upper short pair extending laterally and a 

 lower longer pair (the reflex spurs) extending backward, 

 often obliquely (figs. 3:10c; 3:13c) 



Paraleptophlebia Lestage 



Nymphs 



1. Gills of first pair differing in form from those of the 

 following pairs 2 



— Gills of first pair similar in form to those of the follow- 

 pair 4 



2. Gills filamentous; each gill, on segments 2-7, consists 

 of 2 clusters of slender filaments . . .Habrophlebia Eaton 



— Gills lamelliform on segments 2-7, not as above; each 

 gill of the pairs on middle segments with long terminal 

 extension 3 



3. Gill on segment 1 single, unbranched; terminal exten- 

 sion of upper gill of each middle pair (sometimes of 

 lower gill also) rather broad and spatulate (fig. 3:13t) 



Choroterpes Eaton 



— Gill on segment 1 definitely bifid except at base; ter- 

 minal extension of each gill on middle segments very 

 slender Leptophlebia Westwood 



4. All gills double; gill 1 largest, diminishing in size to 

 gill 7; gills 1-5 bilamellate, each gill with fimbriate 

 margin; posterior member of each pair about 2/3 as 

 large as anterior member; posterior gill of segment 6, 

 and both pairs on 7, fibrilliform; labrum as broad as head 



Traverella Edmunds 



— Gills lanceolate; labrum narrower than above 5 



5. Lateral spines present on abdominal segments 2-9; gills 

 diminishing in size to rearward Thraulodes Ulmer 



— Lateral spines present on abdominal segments 8 and 9 

 only; gills not noticeably diminishing in size to rear- 

 ward 6 



6. Spine on ninth segment not more than 1/4 the length of 

 that segment; labrum with shallow indentation only on 

 fore border; spinules on posterior margins of tergites 



1-10 (fig. 3:13;') Paraleptophlebia Lestage 



— Spine on ninth segment long and slender, 1/2 as long 

 as that segment; labrum more deeply indented on fore 

 margin; spinules on posterior margins of tergites 7-10 

 only Habrophlebiodes Ulmer 



Genus Paraleptophlebia Lestage 



Members of this genus are generally distributed 

 throughout California except, possibly, in the central 

 valleys. Nymphs are especially plentiful in the small 

 coastal streams of the Redwood Belt. They may be 

 found scattered in any part of the stream with a 

 moderate or slow current but the preferred location is 

 in slowly running shoal water 1/4 to 12 inches deep 

 where the nymphs concentrate in deposits of decaying 

 leaves, bark, and wood. They are also often found 

 at the very edge of the water among roots of plants. 



Key to the California Species 

 Male Adults 



1. Abdominal tergites 3-6 hyaline white; reflex spurs 

 lacking; widespread pallipes (Hagen) 1875 



— Abdominal tergites not as above; reflex spurs on penes 



2 



2. Long joint of forceps with large rounded superior basal 

 dilation 3 



— Long joint of forceps without such dilation 5 



3. Wings suffused with deep red brown (fig. 3:14<i); Sonoma 

 County helena Day 1952 



— Wings clear 4 



4. Reflex spurs of penes smoothly and evenly curved out- 

 ward, shaped as a sickle (fig. 3:13c); widespread . . . 



debilis (Walker) 1853 



— Reflex spurs of penes wide at base, nearly straight, 

 tapering to a point (fig. 3:146); Santa Cruz and San 

 Mateo counties zayante Day 1952 



5. Ganglionic areas of sternites 2-7 darkened 6 



— Ganglionic areas of sternites 2-7 not darkened 7 



6. Ganglionic areas of sternites 2-7 red brown; penes lyre- 

 shaped with apices of the two arms directed outward; 

 reflex spurs widely separated (fig. 3:14/); Amador 

 County placeri Mayo 1939 



— Ganglionic areas of sternites 2-7 usually faintly brown 

 tinted; penes with small rounded opening between arms; 

 reflex spurs straight, sharp pointed, directed slightly 

 outward (fig. 3:27o); Yolo County .... cachea Day 1953 



7. Ganglionic areas of sternites 2-7 vaguely marked with 

 hyaline or opaque white; sternites 2-4 with faint, short 

 oblique dashes based on centers of anterior margins 



8 



— Ganglionic areas of sternites 2-7 unmarked 10 



8. Ganglionic areas of sternites 2-7 faintly white, sternites 

 2-4 with oblique sternal dashes hyaline; reflex spurs 

 of uniform width from base to apex, somewhat rounded 

 at tip, curving slightly outward; apical notch between 

 the penes almost closed at top (fig. 3:14c); coastal and 

 east slope Sierra Nevada 



associata (McDunnough) 1924 



— Ganglionic areas of sternites 2-7 hyaline; sternites 2-4 

 with oblique sternal dashes faintly dark; reflex spurs 

 tapering from base to apex, blunt or sharp pointed; 

 apical notch between penes widely open 9 



9. Apical notch between penes deep and wide, U-shaped; 

 reflex spurs as long as depth of apical notch, straight 

 and rather sharp pointed (fig. 3:14A); central California 

 coastal calif ornica Traver 1934 



