369 



Leech and Chandler: Coleoptera 



punctuation fine and sparse; dorsum metallic green 

 and/or cupreous, strial punctuation coarse, basal 



triangulate excavation deep; Oregon, California 



proximo, calif omica LeConte 186 1 



— Hind femora never extending to elytral apices, pronotal 

 punctuation coarse 5 



5. Elytra with transverse rugae, median line of pronotum 

 usually absent, head only slightly constricted behind 

 eyes, eyes large and moderately prominent; fine and 

 dense strigate-rugous sculpturing on elytra, coarse 

 transverse rugae sparse, antennae stouter, hind femora 



less clavate ; California 



subtilis magistrigata Mead 1938 



— Elytra without transverse rugae, median line of pro- 

 notum always present, head strongly constricted be- 

 hind eyes, eyes small and prominent; hind femur less 

 clavate with a very small obscure tooth, apical 3rd 

 of elytra curved ventrad; California 



distincta occidentalis Mead 1938 



6. Hind femora entirely metallic, last abdominal tergite 

 deeply emarginate; California 



emarginata Kirby 1837 



— Hind femora bicolored or entirely rufous; or if metallic, 

 last abdominal tergite truncate 7 



7. Prosternal episterna coarsely striate; California 

 longicollis Schaeffer 1925 



— Prosternal episterna punctate-rugose, or at most only 

 posterior half finely strigate 8 



8. Second and 3rd segments of antennae small, equal, or 

 subequal, pronotum densely and coarsely punctate, 

 hind femur smaller at base than apex; western U.S. 



pusilla pyritosa LeConte 1857 



— Third antennal segment a 3rd longer than 2nd and 

 equal or subequal to 4th, pronotum alutaceous and 

 usually finely punctate, hind femur as wide or wider 

 at base than at apex; U.S 



germari Mannerheim 1843 



REFERENCES 



HOFFMAN, C. E. 



1940. Morphology of the immature stages of some 

 northern Michigan Donaciini (Chrysomelidae, Cole- 

 optera). Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., 25:243-290, 101 figs. 



McGAHA, Y. J. 



1952. Limnological relations of insects to certain 

 aquatic flowering plants. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., 

 71:355-381. 

 MacGILLIVRAY, A. D. 



1903. Aquatic Chrysomelidae and a table of the families 

 of coleopterous larvae. Part 5 in Aquatic insects in 

 New York State. N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 68, pp. 288-331, 

 pis. 20-31. 

 MEAD, A. ft. 



1938. New subspecies and notes on Donacia with key 

 to the species of the Pacific States (Coleoptera, 

 Chrvsomelidae). Pan-Pac. Ent., 14:113-120, 2 text figs. 

 SCHAEFFER, CHARLES 



1925. Revision of the New World species of the tribe 

 Donaciini of the coleopterous family Chrysomelidae. 

 Brooklvn Mus. Sci. Bull., 3:45-165, 1 pi. (No. 5). 

 SZEHESSY, V. 



1941. Die zu Gattung Haemonia Lats. gestellten Arten 

 aus America. Mitteil. M'unschner Ent. Ges., 31:148-154. 



Family CURCULIONIDAE 



Weevils 



This large family is characterized by having the head 

 produced into a long snout on the end of which are 

 the mouth parts. Both adults and larvae feed on 

 plants and have invaded almost every environment 



Fig. 13:61. Curcul ionidae adults, a, Pnigodes selosus; b, 

 Bagous tingi (Tanner, 1943). 



where the higher plants are found. Even the aquatic 

 plants are not free from their attacks. Only a fraction 

 of a per cent of the species in the family have been 

 associated with aquatic plants; however, this is still 

 a sizable number (seventy to one hundred species) 

 because of the extent of the family. The degree to 

 which these are actually aquatic is known for only 

 a few species. Some species live and feed only on 

 the emergent parts of aquatic plants. Still others 

 burrow through the submerged stems or roots but do 

 not actually come in contact with the water, the 

 burrow being filled with air. 



Relationships, — There are several sections in this 

 family which are associated with the aquatic environ- 

 ment. Some of these are in different subfamilies and 

 have developed their aquatic adaptations quite inde- 

 pendently of each other. They are only remotely 

 related to other aquatic families. 



Respiration. — Most of the larvae will live for some 

 time if placed under water; but their inability or even 

 lack of inclination to try to swim, crawl, or burrow 

 into plant tissue on which they rest would indicate 

 that in nature they would soon perish if separated 

 from their burrows or natural habitat. 



The larvae of Lissorhoptrus simplex (Say) have 

 the second to seventh abdominal segments with the 

 spiracles hook-shaped and situated dorsal ly so they 

 can be inserted into the plant tissue above them as 

 they work along between the leaf sheath and the stem. 

 Air is thus obtained from the plant tissue. The larva 

 exudes a watertight cocoon which is attached to a 

 rice stem and is connected to the air-filled interior 

 of the stem by a hole. 



Larvae believed to be those of Bagous and of an 

 unassociated genus did not have any such special 

 adaptations. The latter, taken from aquatic vegetation, 

 had normal spiracles. Larvae of Bagous have the 

 abdomen truncate behind, with a pair of enlarged 

 spiracles on the truncate surface and the spiracles 

 along the sides of the abdomen reduced or absent. 



