Fig. 14:5. Limonia signipennis (Coq.). Larva: a, right half of 

 labrum and antenna; c, right maxilla and labium; d, hypopharynx; 

 e, head capsule; f, spiracular disc; /, mandible. Egg: b. Pupa: 

 g, last segment, male; h, last segment, female; /', respiratory 

 horn (Saunders, 1928). 



head; form long and slender (back to couplet 12) 



— Blades of maxillae produced as elongate appendages 

 with tips projecting beyond the retractile head (fig. 

 14:4A); body stout 18 



18. Mental region a sclerotized narrow transverse bar, 

 finely striate; mandibles not hinged; dorsal plate of 

 head capsule not spatulate Limnophila (in part) 



— Mental plate not sclerotized 19 



19. Mandibles hinged; maxillae and labrum densely hairy; 

 dorsal plate of head capsule united into a spatula . . 20 



— Mandibles not hinged; maxillae and labrum not densely 

 hairy; dorsal plate of head capsule separated 21 



20. Length less than 12 mm.; basal tooth of mandibular 

 plate nearly J4 length of blade Ulomorpha 



— Length more than 14 mm.; basal tooth of mandibular 

 plate about V 3 length of blade Pilaria 



21. Coloration of body deep saturated orange-yellow; 

 spiracular disc with ventral lobes not darkly lined, 

 bearing at tips a few very long hairs 



Hexatoma (in part) 



— Coloration of body pale yellow, whitish, or greenish; 

 spiracular disc with lobes lined with dark brown or 



black, or disc much reduced 22 



Grown larva 14 to 15 mm. long, 1 to 1.3 mm. in diameter 



(fig. 14:4;') Hexatoma (in part) 



Grown larva more than 15 mm. long, 1.6 mm. in diameter 



23 



Mandible with 2 teeth about mid-length 



Hexatoma (in part) 



Mandible sickle-shaped Limnophila (in part) 



Anal gills pinnately branched Longurio 



Anal gills not pinnately branched 25 



Antepenultimate segment of abdomen with strong 



lateral tubercle Dolichopeza 



Antepenultimate segment without such a tubercle ... 26 

 Lobes surrounding spiracular disc elongate, digitiform, 



fringed with long hairs Prionocera 



Lobes surrounding disc less elongate 27 



Length of full grown larva more than 50 mm.; spiracular 

 disc with 6 moderately long lobes fringed with long 

 hairs (fig. 14:4a); mandibles small, with a dorsal and 



a ventral tooth H olorusia 



- Smaller species; if large the lobes surrounding disc 

 bifid (fig. 14:46); mandible with 2 or 3 ventral teeth 



Tipula 



Pupae 3 



1. Maxillary palpi more or less recurved at tips, if straight 

 the pupae very large (30 mm. or more in length) and in 



10 



Adapted from Johannsen, 1934. 



11 



12 



13 



11 



15 



16 



17 



381 

 Wirth and Stone: Diptero 



Longurio the breathing horns very unequal; the longer 

 one more than J4 the length of the body; speoiea usually 

 more than 12 mm. in length; basal abdominal Mgfflsnta 

 each armed with a transverse row of teeth or projections 



before posterior margin 2 



Maxillary palpi not recurved at tips G 



Dorsal abdominal segments each with 2 slender ipine 

 before margin; abdominal spinea lonjj and branched 



Triogma 



Not as above .'i 



Pronotal breathing horns very long and slender, the 

 longer one nearly, if not quite Y 2 the length of the body 



4 



Pronotal breathing horns subequal and not very long; 



maxillary palpi recurved at tips 5 



Length 40 mm.; longer breathing horn 18 mm. long 

 (fig. 14:4m); maxillary palpi not recurved at tips 



L ongurio 



Length 20 mm.; longer breathing horn 9 to 10 mm. long; 



maxillary palpi recurved at tips Prionocera 



Mesonotum with a large, roughly triangular, reticulated 

 area on each side of median line; dorsum of cauda 



with 4 lobes Dolichope za 



Mesonotum unarmed or with 4 to 6 lobes; dorsum of 

 cauda with 6 or rarely 4 lobes (fig. \\\\d , I) . . H olorusia 



Tipula 



Last larval skin adhering to posterior end; color bright 

 green; mesonotum unarmed; basal abdominal segments 

 unarmed with teeth or spinose projections before 



posterior margins Phalacrocera 



Not as above 7 



Pronotal breathing horns 8-branched (fig. 14: 4i) .... 



Antocha 



Breathing horns simple, unbranched (fig. 14:4 A) .... 8 



Rostral sheath elongated (fig. 14:4A) 



Limonia (in part) 



Rostral sheath not elongated 9 



Dorsal spiracles on 8th abdominal segment large and 

 functional; pronotal breathing horns slender, cylindrical; 

 abdominal tergites with transverse rows of small spines 



He lius 



Dorsal spiracles on 8th abdominal segment small or 



lac king 10 



Abdominal pleurites with circular areas set with 

 numerous microscopic spinules; pronotal breathing 

 horns short, usually truncated at tips which are margined 



with breathing pores Pedicia 



Dicranota 



Abdominal pleurites not as above, if with spines these 

 are large and few in number; breathing horns long and 



cylindrical 11 



Abdominal segments with broad transverse bands or 



welts on basal rings of 3rd to 7th segments 12 



Abdominal segments with basal rings unarmed as above, 

 posterior rings before margin with a transverse row 



of spines or stiff setae 13 



Pronotal breathing horns large, earlike, contiguous 



basally; in silken cocoons Elliptera 



Pronotal breathing horns not contiguous basally; 

 cephalic crest small or lacking; a pair of small spiracles 

 on dorsum of 8th abdominal segment . . Limonia (in part) 

 A distinct crest on mesonotal prescutum armed with 

 tubercles, spines, or setae; usually less than 9 mm. 



long Gonomyia, Ormosia, Polymeria, Erioptera 



No distinct crest on mesonotal prescutum (scutellum 

 armed in some Eriocera); usually more than 10 mm. 



long 14 



Less than 6 mm. in length; abdominal armature weak, 



lacking on 7th segment P aradelphomyia 



Larger size; abdominal armature spinose 15 



Abdominal segments with large protuberant spiracles, 

 those on the 2nd segment very large .... Dactylolabis 

 Abdominal segments without conspicuous protuberant 



spiracles 16 



Pronotal breathing horns elongate, split into 2 flaps 



at tip 17 



Breathing horns not split into 2 flaps at tip 19 



Abdominal segments with 5 or 6 rows of setiferous 

 tubercles Pseudolimnophila 



