388 



Wirth and Stone: Diptera 



Larvae 



1. Body cylindrical, vjithout ventral suckers 2 



— Body flattened ventrally, with 8 ventral suckers (fig. 

 14: 106, c) Maruina Mueller 



2. Adanal and lateral plates absent; body pale, yellowish; 

 integument of abdomen covered with transverse rows 

 of setae and ciliated or multispinate scales (fig. 14:9c) 

 Psychoda Latreille 



— Adanal and/or lateral plates present; body dark brown; 

 integument of abdomen thickly beset with small, dark 

 brown sclerotized spots Pericoma Walker 



Telmatoscopus Eaton 



Since it has not been found possible to prepare a 

 generic key for the pupae, a species key is here 

 given to the known California species. The adults 

 and larvae, as far as they are keyed, are to be found 

 under the separate genera. 



Key to Known Pupae of California 

 Species of Psychodidae 



1. Body cylindrical, venter convex (fig. 14:96) 2 



— Body flattened, venter flat or concave (fig. 14:10a) 



Maruina lance olata Kincaid 



2. Posterior fringe of abdominal segments consisting of 

 dense rows of setae, several setae arising from most 

 bases 3 



— Posterior fringe of abdominal segments consisting of 

 sparse rows of setae or bristles, each arising from 

 single base, or without fringe of setae 4 



3. Respiratory horn with noticeable darkened area near 

 center Psychoda sigma Kincaid 



— Respiratory horn without noticeable darkened area near 

 center Psychoda severini Tonnoir 



4. Pits of respiratory horn confined to apical third, with 

 single pit near base of horn; pits absent on central 

 part of horn Telmatoscopus furcatus Kincaid 



— Pits of respiratory horn extending in irregular double 

 row from apex to at least 1/3 distance from base of 

 horn 3 



5. Respiratory horn with large darkened area enclosing 

 pits; large subapical feathery, conelike protuberance 

 on either side of mid-line of posterior margin of ster- 

 nites, twice as large as other marginal elements, 

 terminating in single, broad bristle and spur 



Pericoma truncata Kincaid 



— Respiratory horn unicolorous, without darkened area 

 surrounding pits; no marginal elements of body with 

 feather base 6 



6. Large elements of marginal fringe of abdominal seg- 

 ments consisting of bristle arising from broad base; 

 bristles as long as base; base with 1 or 2 apical spurs; 

 second abdominal tergite with 2 pairs of setae in 

 center of segment arising from broad base 



Psychoda cinerea Banks 



— Large elements of marginal fringe of abdominal seg- 

 ments consisting of bristle arising from large, cone- 

 shaped base; bristle much shorter than base; base 

 without apical spurs; second abdominal tergite without 

 setae in center of segment or 1 small pair, arising from 

 small, cone-shaped bases .... Psychoda alternata Say 



spray on the rocks." This genus has been revised 

 by Quate and Wirth and only one species, lanceolata 

 (Kincaid) 1899, is reported from California (Siskiyou 

 to Los Angeles counties). 



Genus Pericoma Walker 



Species of this genus have been reported by Satchell 

 (1949) breeding in decaying vegetation on stream 

 margins, clumps of damp moss, and algal mats near 

 springs with high lime content. Quate (1955) has de- 

 scribed the larva of P. truncata. 

 California species: 



bipunctata Kincaid 1899. 

 calif ornica Kincaid 1901. 

 truncata Kincaid 1899. 



Santa Cruz County 



Madera, Tulare, Riverside 



Santa Clara, Santa Cruz 



Los Angeles counties 



Genus Psychoda Latreille 



Species of this genus breed in various places with 

 high moisture content such as decomposing vegeta- 

 tion, piles of seaweed in the intertidal zone, trickling 

 filter beds, sealed septic tanks, and household drains. 

 They often breed in immense quantities in filter beds. 

 In household drains they may be very resistant to hot 

 water, soap, caustic materials, acids, and insecticides. 



Key to the California Species of Psychoda 

 Adults 





1. Antenna of 16 segments; San Diego County. ... 



cinerea Banks 1894 



— Antenna of 14 or 15 segments 2 



2. Antenna of 15 segments 3 



— Antenna of 14 segments 4 



3. Segment 14 distinctly separated from 13 and about 

 equal in size to 15; tip of labium with 2 long and 2 

 short teeth, outer surface with 2 labial spines; no small 

 patches of dark hairs at the wing margin; Santa Clara, 

 El Dorado, and Los Angeles counties 



phalaenoides (L.) 1758 



— Segment 14 intimately united to 13; 15 smaller than 

 either 13 or 14; tip of labium with 1 short and 4 long 

 teeth; tips of several veins of wing with small patches 

 of dark hairs; Siskiyou, Fresno, and Riverside counties 

 alternata Say 1824 



4. Wing without any markings; tip of labium with 4 labial 

 spines; ventral plate not narrow near its base, lobes 

 with rounded ends, their sides almost parallel; Hum- 

 boldt County severini Tonnoir 1922 



— Wing with a black band; tip of labium with 2 labial 

 spines; ventral plate narrowing near its base, lobes 

 with pointed ends, their sides rather divergent; San 

 Francisco County sigma Kincaid 1899 



Larvae 



Genus Maruina Mueller 



According to Quate and Wirth (1951), "The larvae 

 and pupae of this genus are found adhering to rocks 

 in rather swift-flowing streams, and although usually 

 not below the water line, they are kept wet by water 



Anterior body segments without plates, not more than 



9 plates in all (fig. 14:9c) 2 



All body segments with 2 or 3 tergal plates, 26 plates 



in all 3 



Tergal plates on abdominal segment 5 absent or but 

 faintly present and much smaller than plates on seg- 

 ments 6 and 7 alternata Say 



Tergal plates on abdominal segment 5 always present, 



