413 



Wirth and Stone: Diptera 



Fig . 14:22. Pelopiinae. a,c-h, Pentaneura flavifrons (Joh.). 

 Larva: a, antenna; c, labium; d, labrum; f, mandible; g, hypo- 

 pharynx with lingua (I), superlinguae (s) and pecten (p). Pupa: 

 e, respiratory organ; h, caudal segments, ventral view, b, P. 

 decolorata. (Mall.), pupa, respiratory organ. i,j, P. monilis (L.): 

 /, pupa, habitus; /, larva, habitus (Johannsen, 1937). 



the cases made by their prey, although they build 

 none themselves. They are especially abundant in 

 permanent streams, ponds, and lakes. The larvae 

 (fig. 14:22/) are distinguished by their retractile 

 antennae; labrum without tormae or epipharyngeal 

 appendages but with small rods or hairs (fig. 14:22c?) 

 or with six marginal sense vesicles (fig. 14:23a); the 

 mandibles sickle-shaped (fig. 14:22/) or hooked, 

 moving in a horizontal plane; the hypopharynx greatly 

 specialized and consisting of strong supporting frame 

 or suspensoria laterally, with a comb or pecten of 

 numerous teeth and in the center with a four- to 

 seven-toothed lingua (glossa), at the sides of which 

 are the superlinguae (paraglossae) (fig. 14:23m); the 

 labium consisting of a colorless labial plate having 

 on each side a labial vesicle (fig. 14:22c) or a para- 

 labial comb (fig. 14:236); the body segments with a 

 few scattered hairs on each side or a dense fringe of 

 delicate hairs; the pair of preanal papillae on the 

 dorsum of the ninth abdominal segment cylindrical 

 and bearing from seven to more than twenty bristles 

 in a tuft; anterior and posterior prolegs well devel- 

 oped, often very elongate (fig. 14:22/), bearing apical 



lateral margins of abdominal segments seven and 

 eight usually bear four or more slender filaments 

 (fig. 14:22A); the last segment bears a two-lobod 

 caudal fin with a variable vestiture of hairs, spines, 

 or teeth. Zavrel (1921) and Lenz (1936) have outlined 

 the classification of the immature stages of the 

 European fauna, and Johannsen (1937) has treated 

 the known North American species. 



Genus Pentaneura Philippi (= Ablabesmyia auct.) 



(Figs. 14:20A; 14:22) 



The North American species have been revised by 

 Johannsen (1946). The larvae are quite slender with 



Fig. 14:23. Pelopiinae. a-f, Anatopynia dyari (Coq.). Larva: 



a, labrum; b, labium and paralabials; c, lingua; d, mandible. 



Pupa: e, respiratory organ; f, caudal fin, ventral view, g-i. 



Claws; and four or six anal gills present. The pupae Pslopla punctipennis (Mg.). Larva: g, mandibles; h, labium and 



are active and superficially resemble mosquito pupae p«alabials. Pupa: i, respiratory organ. ,-/,o, P. stellate (Coq.). 



//?• ii r>n-\ j.i .• • Larva: i, mandible; k, lingua and superlinguae; /, labium and 



(fig. 14:22*); the prothoracic respiratory organs are oara | abials . Pupa: 0# cau / al end . „J. p ,q, Coe/ofWpu. con- 

 ovate (fig. 14:230 or trumpet-Shaped (fig. U:22b,e) cinnus (Co q.), larva: m, lingua superlingua and pecten; n, labrum; 

 with a reticulate or finely Spinous Surface; the P/ mandible; q, labium (Johannsen, 1937). 



