Fig. 14:35. Tendipedinae. o,e, Harnischia aborfiva (Mall.): o, 

 labial plate and paralabials of larva; e, comb of eighth segment 

 of pupa. b-d,g,i,i, Tendipes (Tendipes) nparius (Mg.). Pupa: b, 

 spur of eighth segment; c, pupa emerging from larval exuviae. 

 Larva: d, head, dorsal view; g, labial plate; i, egg mass; /', 

 caudal segments. f,h, Tendipes ( Limnochironomus) modestus 

 (Say): f, spur of eighth segment of pupa; h, labial plate of larva 

 (Johannsen, 1937). 



Genus Harnischia Kieffer 



The larvae of Harnischia very closely resemble 

 those of Cryvtochironomus, differing principally in that 

 the median part of the labial plate (fig. 14:35a) is 

 more nearly the same dark color as the lateral, toothed 

 parts, and the antennal blade is situated on the basal 

 part rather than the distal end of the second segment. 

 In the pupae the prothoracic respiratory organs consist 

 of a tuft of whitish filaments; the hind corners of the 

 eighth abdominal segment may lack either a comb or 

 spur (subgenus Harnischia), or there may be a comb 

 of two or three spines (fig. 14:35e) in which case 

 there may be a transverse row of colorless, slender 

 spines on the second sternite (subgenus Parachi- 

 ronomus) or on sternites one to three (subgenus 

 Cladopelma). No records are available. 



Genus Glyp to tendipes Kieffer 



(Figs. 14:21c; 14:31e-z) 



The larvae of Glyptotendipes cannot be readily sep- 



423 

 Wirth and Stone: Diptera 



arated from those of Tendipes, but the pupae are 

 easily distinguished by the presence of a spiked, 

 macelike process (fig. 14:31/) on tergites two to six 

 or (in the subgenus Phytochironomus) on tergites 

 three to six. The larvae of some species mine in 

 stems or leaves of aquatic plants where they are 

 net^spinning plankton feeders. An undetermined spec- 

 ies from Concord, Contra Costa County, is the only 

 California record available. 



Genus Tendipes Meigen 1800 



(=Chironomus Meigen 1803) 



(Figs. 14:206; U:21a,e,j,k; 14:3 1/-Z; 14:35 b-d,f-j) 



As restricted by Townes (1945), Tendipes contains 

 only the species of the subgenera Limnochironomus 

 Kieffer, Kiefferulus Goetghebuer, Einfeldia Kieffer, 

 Chaetolabis Townes, and Tendipes s. str. The larvae 

 of this genus are characterized by five-segmented 

 antennae, the labial plate with an odd number of 

 teeth (fig. 14:35^,A), and short preanal papillae, and 

 in the subgenus Tendipes there are often ventral 

 gills present on the eighth abdominal segment (figs. 

 14:31?; 14:35/). The pupae have prothoracic respir- 

 atory organs consisting of a tuft of numerous whitish 

 filaments (figs. 14:31;'; 14:35c), the cephalic tubercles 

 are acute, the posterior angles of the eighth abdominal 

 segment may bear a comb (subgenus Kiefferulus) or a 

 simple spur (fig. 14:356) (subgenus Limnochironomus) 

 or a compound spur (fig. 14:35/) (subgenus Tendipes). 



The widespread large species T. plumosus (Lin- 

 naeus) is probably the most important organism in 

 the profundal zone of eutrophic lakes, where it may 

 become as abundant as 2,500 larvae per square meter 

 in summer, the smaller larvae (hatched in the current 

 season) preferring depths less than five meters while 

 the large larvae (hatched the year before) move to 

 the greater depths. In these large lakes there is one 

 complete generation a year with the peak of adult 

 emergence in May (Townes, 1938). Walshe (1951) 

 states that plumosus is exceptional among the mud- 

 dwelling Tendipes larvae in its habit of spinning a 

 salivary net across the lumen of its mud tube, of 

 irrigating the tube with undulations of its body, and 

 eating the net with its entrapped phytoplankton and 

 organic detritus. In shallower oxygen-deficient ponds 

 and streams, T. decorus (Johannsen) may become the 

 most important species, developing up to five genera- 

 tions a year in warmer waters. 



California species: 



anthracinus (Zetterstedt) 1860. 

 atrella Townes 1945. 

 californicus (Johannsen) 1905. 

 decorus (Johannsen) 1905. 

 nervosus (Staeger) 1839. 

 plumosus (Linnaeus) 1758. 

 utahensis (Malloch) 1915. 



Plumas County 



Placer County 



Los Angeles County 



Widespread in California 



Placer County 



Southern California 



Los Angeles County 





