438 



Wirth and Stone: Diptera 



References 



CURRAN, C. H. 



1934. See Diptera references. 

 DYAR, H. G. and R. C. SHANNON 



1924. The American species of Thaumaleidae (Orphne- 

 philidae). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14:432-434. 

 EDWARDS, F. W. 



1929. A revision of the Thaumaleidae. Zool. Anz., 

 82:121-142. 

 JOHANNSEN, 0. A. 



1934. See Diptera references. 



Family STR ATIOM YID AE 



The soldier flies are small to moderately large flies, 

 often of bright coloration, which habitually frequent 

 flowers. They are characterized by a general absence 

 of bristles, usually possessing instead a soft pubes- 

 cence over the body, the wing veins are crowded 



Fig. 14:43. o, Thaumalea sp., wing; b, Thaumalsa fimericana 

 Bezzi, larva (a, Curran, 1934; b, Johannsen, 1934). 



WIRTH, W. W. 



1951. The genus Probezzia in North America. Proc. Ent. 

 Soc. Wash., 53:25-34. 



1952. The Heleidae of California. Univ. Calif. Publ. 

 Entom., 9:95-266. 



1952. The genus Alluaudomyia Kieffer in North America 

 (Diptera, Heleidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 45:423-434. 



1953. Biting midges of the heleid genus Stilobezzia in 

 North America. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 103:57-85. 



1953. American biting midges of the heleid genus Mono- 

 helea. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 103:135-154. 



Family THAUMALEIDAE 



Only two of the four described genera are known to 

 occur in America. The genus Thaumalea has been 

 collected in Humboldt County, but since the spec- 

 imens are females their identity cannot be established. 

 It is possible that they are T. fusca (Garrett 1925). 

 Johannsen (1934) has described the larva and pupa of 

 Thaumalea, and Dyar and Shannon (1924) reviewed 

 the North American species. 



"The adults are found along the edges of streams, 

 particularly those with mossy banks, and are not 

 common in collections. They are small flies, under 

 6 mm. in length, and the wings bend sharply near 

 the base in death, folding downward as in the Psy- 

 chodidae. 



"The larvae (fig. 14:436), which resemble those 

 of the Chironomidae, are found in small brooks and 

 streams where the clear water flows very thinly over 

 the rocks, so that the back if the larva is always 

 exposed above the surface. They feed on detritus and 

 diatoms and move about in search of food. The pupae 

 are found in the bottom of the stream between stones, 

 etc." (Curran, 1934). 



Key to the North American Genera of Thaumaleidae 



Fig. 14:44. Stratiomyidae, adults, o, Stratiomys, wing venation; 



1. Sc t ending in costa (fig. 14:43a); no macrotrichia on b, S. maculosa Loew, mole; c, Nemotelus, head; d, Stratiomys, 



the wing membrane Thaumalea Ruthe antenna; e, Eulalia, antenna; f, Euparyphus lagunae Cole, female; 



— Sc, obsolete apically, ending free, weaker than Sc 2 ; g, Adoxomyia subulatala (Loew), antenna (a, Comstock, 1935; 



wing membrane with fine macrotrichia in addition to b, Essig, 1926; c, Willi ston, 1908; o^e, James, 1936; f, Cole, 



the microtrichia Trie ho thaumalea Edwards 1912; g, James, 1943). 



