— Palpi not dilated at apices; parafacies and pteropleura 

 bare 3 



3. Sternopleural bristles 3 in number, situated in nearly 

 an equilateral triangle Lispocephala Pokorny 



— Sternopleurals not forming a nearly equilateral triangle, 

 if only 3 are present the lower 1 is decidedly farther 

 from the anterior 4 



4. Pre-alar bristle present . . . Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy 



— Pre-alar bristle lacking 



Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy 



481 

 Wirth and Stone: Diptera 



posterior spiracles. These processes are quite long 

 and conical in fusca (fig. 14:63y) hut are short >ind 

 inconspicuous in kaalae (fig. 14:63?'). 

 California species: 



alma (Meigen) 1826. 

 erythrocera (Robineau-Desvoidy) 



1830. 

 setipes Malloch 1935. 



Los Angeles County 



Santa Clara, 



Plumas, Lake Tahoe 



Lake Tahoe 





California Species of Aquatic Muscidae 



Subfamily ANTHOMYIINAE 

 Genus Hydrophoria Robineau-Desvoidy 



Malloch (1919) states that the larva of H. 

 Malloch from the Canadian Arctic is aquatic. 

 California species: 



divisa (Meigen) 1826. 

 seticauda Malloch 1919. 



arc tic a 



Del Norte, Siskiyou 

 Lake Tahoe and 

 San Bernardino Mountains 



Subfamily LISPINAE 



Genus Lispe Latreille {-Lispa auct.) 



Johannsen (1935) has described the puparium of Lispe 

 uliginosa Falle'n which was found in the muck of a 

 pond in New York. Williams (1938) described and 

 figured all stages of the Hawaiian L. metatarsalis 

 Thomson (fig. 14:63a-c?), which breeds at the margins 

 of ponds and sluggish streams and is predaceous on 

 midges and other small arthropods. Vaillant (1953) 

 admirably described the immature stages of L. con- 

 sanguinea Loew from North Africa. The larva (fig. 

 14:63d) is rather stout for a muscid, with three-lobed 

 anterior spiracles and blunt posterior end bearing the 

 short, blackish, posterior spiracular tubercles. 

 California species: 



nasoni Stein 1897. 

 polita Coquillett 1904. 

 probohemica Speiser 1914. 

 salina Aldrich 1913. 

 sordida Aldrich 1913. 

 tentaculata (Degeer) 1776. 



Southern and central California 



Lake Tahoe 



Lake Elsinore 



Lake County 



Lake County 



Widespread in California 



Subfamily COENOSIINAE 

 Genus Lispocephala Pokorny 



We are again indebted to Williams (1938) for an excel- 

 ; lent account of the habits and immature stages of 



Lispocephala, this time for two of the numerous 



Hawaiian species, L. fusca Malloch (fig. 14:63e-^, ;') 

 j and L. kaalae Williams (fig. 14:63A,t). These species 

 i usually frequent the margins of swifter mountain 

 1 streams, preying on smaller flies. The larvae (fig. 

 ; 14:63e) are quite slender, with the last body segment 



tapering to a pair of processes bearing the minute 



Subfamily PHAONIINAE 



Genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy 



The immature stages and habits of P. mirabilis Ring- 

 dahl, which breeds in tree holes in Europe where it 

 preys on mosquito larvae, have been discussed by 

 Keilin (1917) and Tate (1935). The larvae apparently 

 molt within the egg and are hatched with the third 

 instar structures well developed, probably as an 

 adaptation of its carnivorous habits. The main tra- 

 cheae of the larva possess several large bladderlike 

 swellings which probably serve as air reservoirs when 

 the larvae are completely submerged. 

 California species: 



caerulescens (Stein) 1897. 



errans (Meigen) 1826. var. 



proxima (van der Wulp) 1869. 

 fuscicauda Malloch 1918. 

 limbinervis Stein 1918. 

 luteva (Walker) 1849. 



[= varipes (Coquillett) 1902]. 

 nigricauda Malloch 1918. 

 pallida (Stein) 1918. 

 parviceps Malloch 1918. 



[= caesia Stein 1920]. 

 quieta Stein 1918. 



Central and southern 



California 



Santa Clara County 



Alameda County 

 Santa Clara County 

 Santa Clara County 



Humboldt, Santa Cruz 



Mono, Los Angeles 



Central and southern 



California 



"California" 



Genus Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy 



To the descriptions of the habits and immature stages 

 of L. discreta Stein, presented by Marchand (1923), 

 Johannsen (1935) added notes for that species (fig. 

 14:63n,p) and also aequifrons Stein (fig. 14: 63m, o) 

 and torreyae Johannsen, all collected in New York. 

 The larvae (fig. 14:63&,77i) are rather stout, but with 

 the anterior end tapering to a slender point and the 

 last segment short tapering. There are specific dif- 

 ferences in the relative development of the diverging 

 posterior spiracular processes and the ventral creep- 

 ing welts or prolegs (fig. 14:63&,m,p). The puparium 

 (fig. 14:63s) is distinctive, with a dark anterior knob 

 formed by the head and first two thoracic segments, 

 the remaining segments forming definite annular con- 

 strictions and the larval hind prolegs and posterior 

 respiratory processes remaining as conical lobes. 

 Tate's (1939) account of the early stages of the 

 European L. exsurda Pandelle" contains superb figures 

 (fig. U:6M,l,s,u,v). 



