482 



Wirth and Stone: Diptera 



California species: 



acuticornis Malloch 1920. 

 aequifrons Stein 1897. 

 arcuata Stein 1897. 

 bisetosa var. pruinella 



Huckett 1932. 

 discreta Stein 1897. 



femorata (Malloch) 1913. 

 magnipunctata Malloch 19 

 narona (Walker) 1849. 

 surda (Zetterstedt) 1845. 



San Bernardino Mountains 



Widespread in California 



Central and southern California 



San Bernardino Mountains 



Los Angeles, Plumas, 



Lake Tahoe 



Los Angeles County 



19. Fresno, Tulare 



Widespread in California 



Marin County 



REFERENCES 



ALDRICH, J. M. 



1913. The North American species of Lispa. Jour. N.Y. 

 Ent. Soc, 21:131-146. 

 HUCKETT, H. C. 



1932. The North American species of the genus Limno- 

 phora, with descriptions of new species. Jour. N.Y. 

 Ent. Soc, 40:25-76. 

 1944. A revision of the North American species belonging 

 to the genus Hydrophoria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: 

 Muscidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 37:261-297, 6 pis. 

 JOHANNSEN, O. A. 



1935. See Diptera references. 

 KEILIN, D. 



1917. Recherces sur les anthomyides a larves carnivore. 

 Parasitology, 9:325-450. 

 MALLOCH, J. R. 



1923. Flies of the anthomyiid genus Phaonia and related 

 genera known to occur in North America. Trans. Amer. 

 Ent. Soc, 48:227-282, 3 pis. 

 1919. The Diptera collected by the Canadian Expedition, 

 1913-1918. (Excluding the Tipulidae and Culicidae). 

 Rep. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918. 3:34c-90c, 

 3 pis. 

 MARCH AND, W. 



1923; The larval stages of Limnophora discreta Stein 

 (Diptera, Anthomyidae). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, 

 18:58-62. 

 TATE, P. 



1935. The larva of Phaonia mirabilis Ringdahl, predatory 

 on mosquito larvae (Diptera, Anthomyidae). Parasito- 

 logy, 27:556-560. 

 1939. The early stages of Limnophora exsurda Pand. 

 (Diptera, Anthomyidae). Parasitology, 31:479-485. 

 VAILLANT, F. 



1953. Les premiers stades de Lispa consanguinea Loew 

 (Muscidae Anthomyinae). Inst. Rech. Saharionnes 

 Univ. d'Alger. Miss. Sc au Tassili des Ajjer (1949) 

 I. 9 pp. 

 WILLIAMS, F. X. 



1938. Biological studies in Hawaiian water-loving in- 

 sects. Part IH. Diptera or flies. A. Ephydridae and 

 Anthomyiidae. Proc. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, 10:85-119, 

 9 pis. 



Family SARCOPHAGIDAE 



The "flesh flies" regularly breed in excrement or in 



Fig. 14:64. Sarcophagidae. o-c, Sarcophaga dux ?: a, second stage 

 larva; c, third stage larva; b, puparium (Johannsen, 1935). 



carrion or are parasitic on other arthropods, but a 

 few species are known to have aquatic habits. They 

 have been taken in pitchers of Sarracenia spp., the 

 eastern pitcher plants of North America, feeding on 

 the remains of insects trapped inside. Aldrich (1916) 

 lists six species of Sarcophaga which have been 

 reared from Sarracenia: S. celarata Aldrich, fletcheri 

 Aldrich, jonesi Aldrich, rileyi Aldrich, sarraceniae 

 Riley, and a variety of utilis Aldrich. Riley's original 

 account (1874) of sarraceniae from South Carolina 

 included descriptions and figures of the immature 

 stages which resemble those of the nonaquatic spe- 

 cies. Johannsen's (1935) description and figures (fig. 

 14:64a-c) of "Sarcophaga dux sarracenioides (?)" 

 from New York, on the other hand, show important 

 specializations of this species for aquatic life. The 

 posterior spiracles with their long vertical *slits are 

 borne at the bottom of a large, thin-walled, cuplike 

 structure which serves as a float, rather than at the 

 bottom of the usual smaller cavity. No sarcophagids 

 have been reported from Darlingtonia, the California 

 pitcher plant. 



REFERENCES 



ALDRICH, J. M. 



1916. Sarcophaga and allies in North America. 301 pp. 

 16 pis. Lafayette, Indiana: Thomas Say Foundation. 

 JOHANNSEN, O. A. 



1935. See Diptera references. 

 RILEY, C. V. 



1874. Descriptions and natural history of two insects 

 which brave the dangers of Sarracenia variolaris. 

 Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 3:235-240. 



