Forceps. In mayflies, the movable appendages of the 

 ninth abdominal segment of the male arising from 

 the outer terminal angles of the styliger plate and 

 functioning as clasping organs; also called styli. 



Forceps base. See styliger plate. 



Fossa. A deep pit or furrow. 



Fossorial. Formed for or with the habit of digging or 

 burrowing. 



Fovea. A deep depression with well-marked sides. 



Foveate. With deep depressions or foveae. 



Frontoclypeus. The combined front and clypeus when 

 the suture between them is obsolete. 



Fulvotestaceous. Brownish yellow. 



Fumose. Smoky. 



Funicle. In chalcidoid Hymenoptera, the portion of 

 the antenna between the club and the ring segments, 

 the latter being the three small segments adjoining 

 the pedicel. 



Fuscous. Dark brownish gray. 



Fusiform. Spindle-shaped; broad at the middle and 

 narrowing toward the ends. 



Galea-lacinea. In mayfly naiads, the compound maxil- 

 lary structure known also as the blade of the maxilla 

 borne on the stipes and derived from the fused galea 

 and lacinia. 



Ganglionic area. In certain mayfly naiads, the ganglia 

 of the ventral nerve cord are pigmented and may be 

 seen as dark areas beneath the translucent integu- 

 ment. 



Geminate. Arranged in pairs composed of two similar 

 parts; doubled; twinned. 



Genital hooks. .In Plecoptera males, a pair of process- 

 es arising from the subanal plates of the eleventh 

 segment and curving forward. 



Gibbosity. A protuberance or swelling. 



Glabrous. Smooth, hairless and without punctures or 

 structures. 



Glossa. One of the two median terminal lobes of the 

 labium. 



Hamulus. In some Trichoptera, one of a series of 

 small hooks along the costal margin of the wing. 



Hemelytral commissure. In some Hemiptera, a median 

 furrow or imaginary line behind the scutellum formed 

 where the hemelytra meet along the clavus when 

 the wings are folded. 



Hyaline. Transparent, glassy. 



Hydrofuge. Water repellent; unwettable. 



Hypognathus. Having the cranium corresponding in 

 position to the body segments with the mouth parts 

 directed downward. 



Hypomeron. In Coleoptera, the inflexed edge of the 

 pronotum (pronotal hypomeron) and the raised lower 

 margin of the epipleura (elytral hypomeron). 



Hypoocular. Lying beneath the compound eye. 



Immaculate. Without spots or marks. 



Incrassate. Thickened; rather suddenly swollen at 



some point, especially near the tip. 

 Intercalary vein. An added or extra vein; in mayflies, 



any of the longitudinal wing veins intercalated 



485 

 Bentinck: Glossary 



between the main veins, as between the forks of 

 R , M, and so on, and often detached basally. 

 Irrorate. Freckled; covered with minute spots. 



Joining. See tail joinings. 



Labial mask. The prehensile labium of odonato nymphs. 



Lacinia mandibulae. A fleshy or membranous process 

 from the interior face of the mandible. 



Lamellate. Sheet or leaflike; composed of or covered 

 with laminae or thin sheets. 



Lamelliform. Comprised of or resembling leaves, 

 blades, or lamellae. 



Laminate. Formed of thin flat layers or leaves. 



Laminiform. Having the appearance or made up of 

 laminae or layers. 



Lanceolate. Lance- or spear-shaped; oblong and taper- 

 ing to "a point. 



Lateroclinato. Directed laterally or toward the side. 



Ligula. The apicocentral sclerite of the labium, borne 

 upon the distal margin of the prementum, usually 

 single but sometimes paired; often used synon- 

 ymously with "glossa" and "tongue." 



Littoral. Pertaining to or inhabiting the shore region 

 of a body of water; in a marine situation, corre- 

 sponding more or less with the intertidal zone. 



Lunate. Crescent-shaped. 



Luteous. Yellow, generally orangish or reddish in tint. 



Macelike. Resembling a mace, a clublike weapon with 

 a spiked head. 



Macrotrichia. The larger microscopic hairs on the 

 surface of the wing. 



Maculate. Spotted or marked with figures of any shape, 

 of a color differing from the ground color. 



Mammilose. With nipplelike protuberances or processes. 



Median Planate. See figure 4:41. 



Medifacies. In Diptera, the median part. of the face, 

 that is, the part between the facial ridges and 

 separated from the eye on each side by the para- 

 facies, q.v. 



Meson. The imaginary middle plane dividing a body 

 into right and left halves. 



Mesonotal praescutum. In Diptera the region 'of the 

 mesonotum lying anterior to the transverse suture. 



Mesoscutum. The scutum or dorsal surface of the 

 mesothorax. 



Mesostigmal lamina. A pair of small transverse plates 

 at the anterior end of the thoracic dorsum, in female 

 Zygoptera forming part of the coupling mechanism 

 used in pairing, being engaged by the inferior 

 appendages of the male. 



Metepimeron. In Odonata, the posterior pleural sclerite 

 of the thorax delimited anteriorly from the spiracle- 

 bearing metepisternum by the second lateral suture. 



Micropylar. Of or pertaining to the micropyle or aper- 

 ture in the insect egg through which sperm enter. 



Moniliform. Beaded like a necklace. 



Mucronate. Having pointed processes; terminating in 

 a sharp point or mucro. 



Nasale. An anterior median projection from the frons, 



