Recent forms from their fossil congeners. Since references to Brady's figures are widely scattered through 

 hundreds of papers in diverse languages, the use of Brady's figures is rendered increasingly difficult as 

 these references multiply. 



The purely descriptive phase of foraminiferal studies is gradually giving way to ecological investi- 

 gations, and it is believed that to be of the greatest value these should have a sound taxonomic founda- 

 tion. With the tremendous increase in the number of papers and monographs dealing with the Fora- 

 minifera during the past quarter of a century it is becoming increasingly difiicult to achieve this founda- 

 tion. The importance of Brady's figures in such taxonomic studies was realized over twenty years ago by 

 H. E. Thalmann, who published several revisions of Brady's nomenclature in a series of papers from 1932 

 to 1942. These have been of great service and have been frequently cited, but suiTer from two drawbacks — 

 no references are given to the authors of the various taxonomic changes listed, and furthermore many 

 changes have been made since Thalmann's last paper appeared nearly fifteen years ago. A number of 

 Brady's figures seem to represent new species, and these have been indicated in the present revision. 



During the past twenty years the writer has kept notes of all changes observed, which have been 

 added to his copy of the Challenger Report. For greater convenience the localities whence the figured 

 specimens were obtained (taken from Nuttall, 1927, 1931) have also been added, also the depth of the 

 soundings at the various localities (from Brady's text). The great utility of such an annotated copy, 

 the saving of time otherwise lost in searching for references, and even more, the avoidance of taxonomic 

 errors, have led the writer to believe that the notes should be more widely circulated. This belief is sup- 

 ported by requests received from other workers to consult the notes, and suggestions that they should 

 be presented in report form. There are undoubtedly many errors remaining, both of omission and com- 

 mission, but it is hoped that publication will eventually remedy these. 



A final note of warning might advantageously be added regarding the depths of water shown for 

 some of the soundings. A study of some of the original Challenger samples and a check of Brady's lists 

 indicate considerable mixing of faunas at some localities. Notably one might cite Challenger Station 24, 

 ofT Culebra Island, north of St. Thomas, West Indies, in 390 fathoms. The material from this locality 

 shows mixing of rolled specimens of shallow water forms such as Archaias with much deeper species of 

 Liehusella, Cyclammina, Pyrgo, Rhabdammina, Hyperammina, etc. Challenger Sta. 33, off Bermuda, in 

 420 fathoms, shows similar mixing of elements from different environments. This mixing is regarded as 

 due to 'slumping' down the steep continental slope, aided, in all probability, by turbidity currents. In 

 some cases, especially on reefs, it is probable that fossil forms were collected in the soundings, since 

 numerous similar cases have been noted in more recent work. Apart from these exceptions the effects 

 of depth and temperature (latitude) on foraminiferal distribution throughout the world are very clearly 

 brought out by Brady's work, and his monograph will long continue to be one of the fundamental refer- 

 ence works on the Foraminifera. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



BRADY, HENRY BOWMAN, 1884. Report on Foraminiferen der Challenger-Expedition, 



the Foraminifera dredged by H.M.S. dial- London 1884. 



lenger, during the years 1873-1876. Eclog. geol. Helvet., Band XX\', No. 2, pp. 



Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage 293-312. 



of H.M.S. Challenger, Vol. IX (Zoology), pp. THALMANN, HANS E., 1933. Nachtrag zum 



i-xxi, 1-814, 22 text figs., 2 maps, and Atlas Nomenclator zu Brady's Tafelband der Fora- 



of 116 plates. London, 4to. miniferen der ■'Challenger"-Expedition. 



NUTTALL, W.L.F., 1927. The Localities whence ^^^^ ^^^j ^^^,/.^,,, _ 5^,,^ XXX'I. No. 2, pp. 



the Foraminifera figured in the Report of 251-255 

 H.M.S. 'Challenger' by Brady were derived. 



Ann. Mag. Nat. HtsL, Ser. 9, Vol. XIX, pp. THALMANN, HANS E., 1937. Weitere Nomina 



209-241 mutata in Brady's Werk ueber die Fora- 



NUTTALL, W. L. F., 1931. Additional Localities miniferen der "Challenger"-Expedition (1884). 



of the "Challenger" Foraminifera. I"" Mitteilungen ueber Foraminiferen III; Eclog. 



Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Vol. VII. ^"'^- ^'^'"^■' ^^"^ ^^^' ^"- ^' PP" ^"^^^-^■^2- 



Part 2, pp. 46-47. THALMANN, HANS E., 1942. Nomina Bradyana 



THALMANN, HANS E., 1932. Nomenclator Mutata. 



(Um- und Neubennungen) zu den Tafeln Amer. Midland Nat., Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 



1 bis 115 in H. B. Brady's W^erk ueber die 463-464. 



fix] 



