PENNSYLVANIAN FOSSILS 119 



OSTRACODA . Ostracodes occur abundantly in some of the Pennsylvanian beds of the 

 state. One of us (Marple, 1952) has described in detail the species of the Pottsville series in 

 Ohio. The other series of the Pennsylvanian rocks also contain ostracodes but the references 

 to them are few and scattered. 



Some of the non-marine Pennsylvanian beds of Ohio contain abundant ostracodes in places; 

 their identification is difficult and should be left to the specialists. Ostracode material should 

 be collected, even if it cannot be identified easily, as it has considerable scientific value. 



TRILOBITA. Pennsylvanian trilobites are even rarer than Mississippian ones. Only 

 one genus, Phillips ia (fig. 347) has been recorded as common. It has a plain, 

 rather long tail with many segments. Two species are common. 



INSECTA . Fossil cockroaches are found in our Pennsylvanian but they can Fig. 347 



scarcely be called common. Two localities have produced 49 species, summarized 

 by Handlirsch (1906). Both of these localities are in the Birmingham shale (Conemaugh), one 

 near Steubenville, the other near Richmond, Ohio (Scudder, 1888). 



CRINOIDEA . Crinoids are scarce in the Pennsylvanian of Ohio although crinoid stems 

 are abundant enough in many beds. Only one species, Eupa- 

 chycrinus mooresi (fig. 348) is common enough to include here. 

 Complete specimens are rare but the spiny plates are common 

 in some parts of the Pottsville. They look like small cup corals 

 but of course have no septa. 



ECHINOIDEA . This group must be mentioned here 

 although no complete specimens have yet turned up in Ohio. Recognizable echinoid spines are 

 abundant in some of our Pennsylvanian beds. 



CONODONT S. These microscopic structures are found in many of the formations of our 

 Pennsylvanian. Sturgeon and Youngquist (1949) have published on the Allegheny conodonts of 

 Ohio. 



VERTEBRATES . The Pennsylvanian of Ohio has yielded a variety of vertebrate remains. 

 Fish scales and spines are fairly common in some beds but complete fish skeletons are rare. 

 See Romer and Smith (1934) and Wells (1944a). A few amphibian skeletons of great scientific 

 interest have been found at Linton, Ohio (Case, 1917; Moodie, 1916) but their remains are 

 generally rare. The basic reference on the subject is Cope's (1875) paper. These forms have 

 been revised by Romer (1930) and Steen (1931). Large footprints of amphibians or reptiles 

 have been found in our Pennsylvanian. They have been described by Carman (1927a) and 

 Mitchell (1931, 1933). 



Books for further study 



The two main reference works for Pennsylvanian fossils in Ohio are bulletins 17 and 25 

 of the Geological Survey of Ohio. Bulletin 25 is by Morningstar (1922) and describes the 

 Pottsville and some Allegheny faunas. Bulletin 17 by Condit (1912) is on the Conemaugh 

 formation, with paleontological descriptions by Mark (1912). A summary of Pennsylvanian 

 stratigraphy with references to paleontological papers is given by Schuchert (1943). Earlier 

 papers by Meek (1875) and Whitfield (1893) contain descriptions of many of our species. Papers 

 dealing with individual groups have been cited in the text. 



