ACTINOTE. By Dr. K. Jorpan. 371 
short, narrow or absent. Under surface distinctly tinged with orange, on the hindwing the marginal band black, 
but usually washed out, the angled band nearly always well developed, the light discal area which it bounds 
forming a sort of band, as the disc is not or scarcely darkened at the apex of the cell. As a third form - 
we find in the same district f. flavifascia form. nov., which is probably a subspecies of A. pellenea; in it the flavifascia. 
discal band of the forewing is yellowish and contrasted with the basal area and hindwing, which are orange; 
the black stripes of the hindwing are longer than in perfulva, the subostal and cell-stripes are distinct above, 
thick beneath, the angled band strongly developed beneath, the light part of the wing distally to it band- 
like. — From the Cauca Valley I have 2 principal forms before me: limbata subsp. nov. represents equa- limbata. 
toria and probably hahneli; 3: the markings of the forewing are chamois-yellow and the hindwing brownish 
orange, or both wings are of the latter colour, the discal band always of the same tone as the basal area; be- 
neath the forewing has at most a suggestion of orange-colour, the cell and the subcostal area of the hindwing 
light, as their stripes are usually short or absent, the distal margin deep black, sharply defined, the angled 
band mostly linear, often only distinct towards the costa, the disc not darkened at the end of the cell. 
2 pale yellowish grey, marginal band on the hindwing beneath as in the g or densely overlaid with light 
scales, angled band weakly indicated, the wing very pure in colour as far as the marginal band. A ¢g from 
Monte Tolima (A. H. Fasst leg.) probably belonging here has the underside of the forewing a deeper orange- 
brown tone. The second principal form from the Cauca Valley, which lies before me in large numbers from the 
neighbourhood of Popayan, may be a form of pellenea; upper surface brownish orange, the discal band of 
the forewing either as deeply coloured as the basal area or lighter, the black stripes of the hindwing above 
and beneath long, the marginal band of the hindwing beneath indistinct, washed out, the disc darkened 
at the end of the cell, so that a light costal patch is separated off: f. cauca form. nov. — In the West cauca. 
Cordillera of Colombia Fasst bred a form which pretty certainly belongs to limbata, with the ¢ deep 
straw-yellow, i. e. nearly as pale as the 9. The larva, from the two blown specimens before me, has a red- 
brown (not black) head, black subdorsal stripe and fine black dorsal transverse lines, the spines are light like 
the body, except on segments 1 to 3 and 11 and 12, where they are dark; the length of the spines exceeds 
the distance between two dorsal spines on a middle segment by about one third. The spines of the pupa 
are only about half as long as their distance from one another; the black-brown subdorsal stripes are 
very strongly developed and about twice as broad as the light dorsal stripe, which is almost entirely without 
dark markings, the ellipses which form the ventral stripe are very strong; one pupa-case before me is much 
less strongly marked than the other. On a narrow-leaved, Eupatorium-like Composite. A @ from the 
western slopes of the West Cordillera (Rio Dagua) has the hindwing above tinged with brownish orange. 
From Nicaragua we have a number of examples which exactly agree with limbata from the Cauca Valley. 
— From the West Cordillera of Ecuador I know only one form, grammica subsp. nov., which is similar to grammica. 
the pale hahneli, but in the ¢ has often a slight orange tinge, especially on the hindwing. The black vein- 
streaks are thick, especially on the marginal band of the hindwing. The discal band of the forewing above 
only reaches to the Ist median, the two posterior spots being always absent, the fold-stripes are short, 
except the stripes of the abdominal area, the anterior are commonly absent, the angled band is at most 
quite weakly indicated above. Beneath the distal margin of both wings is black, the hindwing is not darkened 
at the end of the cell, the angled band always narrow and mostly only anteriorly indicated as a line, the cell- 
stripe and the discal fold-stripes short or absent. Paramba, Rio Mira, taken in numbers in March by RosEn- 
BERG at about 1000 m. Some larvae collected by R. Haznscu, probably found at Balsambamba in the West 
Cordillera, agree well with the larvae of limbata from the West Cordillera of Colombia. — On the central 
plateau of Ecuador, between the West and East Cordilleras, and also in the dry coast districts of West 
Peru, occurs equatoria Bates (83 a). Very pale yellowish grey without any trace of orange. The wide distribu- equatoria. 
tion of this Actinote in dry districts suggests that the lighter or darker colour of the thalia group of Actinote 
depends on the lesser or greater amount of moisture in the air, i. e. that the light forms are “dry” and the 
deep orange forms “‘wet”. The discal band of the forewing is nearly always complete, occasionally the last 
spot but one is wanting; the stripes on the hindwing are well developed, the cell-stripe especially strong, 
the marginal band very variable in breadth, narrower than in hahneli and grammica, beneath washed out, and 
like the distal margin of the forewing light-scaled, angled band always distinct, not filled in, mostly deve- 
loped above also. The pupa resembles that of limbata, but the spines are on the whole somewhat shorter, 
in one of the four specimens before me the posterior 3 pairs reduced to small humps. The larva, judging by 
a cast-off skin attached to one pupa, shows no differences from that of limbata. — To equatoria probably 
belongs also mucia Hpffr., described from Chanchamayo and founded on a “pale straw-yellow” 3, with very mucia. 
narrow black marginal band on the hindwing. — epiphaea subsp. nov. In the examples before me from East epiphaea. 
Peru southwards as far as the Rio Perené district (Chanchamayo) the basal area of the forewing and the 
hindwing are brownish orange and the discal band of the forewing is paler, yellowish; the wings are more 
elongate than in grammica and. the following form; the spot placed before the base of the Ist “ey lioga in the 
basal area of the forewing is small or absent, the discal band is often complete, the last two spots seem to 
be especially well developed in small examples (type), the marginal rays of the hindwing, or at least the middle 
ones, are short and the angled band is more or less distinct above. Beneath both wings are very distinctly 
tinged with orange, the angled band broad, filled in with blackish brown, the light part of the disc distally 
to it band-like, rather sharply defined distally also, the distal fold-stripes almost confined to the dark distal 
