adriana. 
lodis. 
calymma. 
clara. 
crucis. 
pellenea. 
subhyalina. 
ferrugata. 
trinitatis. 
subbadia. 
372 ACTINOTE. By Dr. K. Jorpan. 
margin (except for the abdominal area). 2 similar to the g; the angled vand scarcely indicated above and 
somewhat paler brown beneath than in the g; the discal area of the hindwing beneath usually darkened 
posteriorly, so that a light costal patch contrasts with the rest of the disc. Type from the Rio Palcazu. 
Probably a subspecies of A. pellenea. — adriana Hpffr., described from Bolivia, has the hindwing strongly 
rounded. We refer here also examples from South-East Peru, which vary from brownish orange to pale yellow- 
ish grey and are paler than epiphaea both above and beneath. The colour of the true adriana is described 
as a pleasing clay-yellow, also in typical specimens of this form the distal margin of the hindwing is said 
to be much broader than in pellenea. — From the Andes of Bolivia we know a further pellenea-like form, 
which is somewhat paler than the Peruvian epiphaea; the basal area of the forewing is larger, especially the 
spot between the Ist and 2nd medians, the distal margin of the hindwing is narrower, the angulated band 
is scarcely indicated and the last spot but one in the band of the forewing is absent, also the fold-stripes 
before, in and below the cell of the hindwing are strikingly narrow and indistinct. The under surface, as in 
epiphaea, is strongly tinged with orange, the angulated band is distinct, broad and filled in, but paler than 
in epiphaea, the light part of the disc distally to it is band-like: lodis subsp. nov. Belongs probably to A. pellenea. 
A. pellenea. Cf. the note inserted before A. equatoria. — calymma Jord. (83 c), from Paraguay and 
Argentina, is dark brown-black, slightly transparent, the basal area of the forewing and the hindwing dull 
orange, diffuse at the edges, the discal band of the forewing pale yellow, occasionally suffused with orange. 
Under surface dull orange, angulated band of the hindwing extending to the 2nd median or beyond it, in the 3 
mostly very well developed above also. Together with this dirty orange form flies a pale yellowish grey one, 
in which the markings are sharply defined; angulated band of the hindwing always strongly developed above 
also: f. clara form. nov., type from Paraguay. — crucis Jord. (83 .c). Deep black, brightly coloured, discal band 
of the forewing and the distal and anterior parts of the basal area yellow, the rest of the basal area and the 
hindwing orange, these markings sharply defined and contrasting much more strongly than in calymma on ac- 
count of the purer ground-cclour, costal margin of the forewing broadly black, the vein-stripes narrow. 
On the under surface the basal area faintly tinged with orange at the base, apex of the forewing and the 
hindwing yellowish grey, marginal band showing through, posteriorly much narrowed, fold-stripes long, angu- 
lated band distinct beneath, distally to it a light costal patch. Bred by J. SreinBacu in large numbers at 
Buenavista in Kast Bolivia; the examples only vary very slightly. The spines of the pupa as long as the 
distance between two spines on the same segment or somewhat longer, the three stripes on the mesonotum 
sharply separated, the light dorsal interspace of the abdomen broader than the subdorsal stripes; tongue- 
case with very narrow black margins, not almost entirely black as in A. equatoria and limbata. Larva not 
known to me, but on one pupa hangs a larval spine, which is brown and nearly as long as the transverse 
diameter of the pupa. — pellenea Hbn. Deeper orange than crucis, especially the basal area on the under sur- 
face, cell-spot larger. Under surface darker. Occasionally the basal area of the forewing above entirely grey- 
yellow. South Brazil northwards almost to the mouth of the Amazon. — From the Lower and Middle 
Amazon no Actinote is yet known. — subhyalina Sigr. A very small, light, semitransparent form from the 
Upper Amazon, in which the discal band of the forewing is complete and the angulated band of the hindwing, 
at least in the g, distinct above also. The light parts of the wings are in f. subhyalina yellowish grey, 
at most the forewing shows some orange colouring at the extreme base. Specimens also occur, however, in which 
the basal area of the forewing and the hindwing are pale orange: f. ferrugata form. nov., type from the 
Rio Cachiyaco, a tributary of the Rio Ucayali. — trinitatis subsp. nov., from Trinidad and the eastern parts of 
Venezuela nearest to Trinidad, is very similar to f. ferrugata. 3 deeper black, discal band of the forewing 
pale yellow, complete, but the penultimate spot often small, basal area distally slightly lighter, hindwing with 
short fold-stripes at the narrow black distal margin which tapers to a point posteriorly, the fold-stripes in, 
before and below the cell are absent or quite faint, a black discocellular streak distinct, on the other hand the 
angulated band only showing through. Beneath the basal area of the forewing slightly orange, distally as pale 
as the discal band; hindwing uniform light yellowish grey, marginal band indicated, disc not darkened at 
the end of the cell, angulated band sharply developed, nearly always entirely filled in. 2 paler than the g, the 
larger distal and anterior part of the basal area of the forewing as light as the discal band, also the dise 
of the hindwing above somewhat lighter at the marginal band. — subbadia subsp. nov. Basal area and hind- 
wing above much deeper orange-red than in trinitatis, the former only in the 2 scmewhat lighter distally and 
in both sexes also beneath much more extended orange than in trinitatis, the fold-stripes more strongly developed, 
the angulated band at least in the g more distinct above, the hindwing much darker beneath, its distal 
margin broadly black or brown, the angulated band broad, the light part of the disc reduced to a narrow 
band; in the Q the underside of the hindwing lighter than in the g, but the distal area still always darker 
than in the 9 of trinitatis. North Venezuela: San Esteban (type), Valencia, La Guaira. This form approxi- 
mates to orange-coloured specimens of A. eguatoria hahneli from Mérida, but the vein-stripes are more slender, 
the marginal band of the hindwing is narrower above, beneath the forewing is much more strongly orange, 
the angulated band broader, and the distal margin of both wings less pure black. 
In addition to A. pellenea there are in Brazil three Actinote so similar to one another that they 
have usually been regarded as forms of one species. Although the differences are not sharp when one compares 
the examples of one of these forms from different localities with those of another, yet the specimens of 
the four Actinote occurring together seem to be well differentiated and hence I regard these four forms as 
specifically distinct. As the butterflies are very common it ought not to be difficult to settle the question 
