HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Serrz. 379 
cal area of the forewing, and the hindwings are those of a gigantic narcaea ab. satis (72 a), but the very broad 
apex of the forewings has two rows of sulphur-yellow spots. From Colombia to Honduras.—clarescens Btlr., clarescens. 
from the Voleano of Chiriqui and Panama, lacks on the forewing the dash connecting the discal spot with the 
base, and the median band on the hindwing has almost entirely disappeared. Locally very common. 
H. hippola Hew. (72 c). Ground-colour bright rufous, both wings with quite narrow black termen, the hippola. 
spots on the forewing greatly reduced. — lyrcaeus Weym., probably from Peru, like the preceding, has the lyrcaeus. 
black spots somewhat larger, the median band on the hindwings, however, reduced to mere traces. — The spe- 
cies seems to be very local or to occur only in places whence we do not often receive material, for it is very rare 
in collections. 
H. numata Cr. (= pione Hbn.). Easily recognized by the uncommonly broad black termen of the nwmata. 
hindwings which, together with the hkewise very broad median band, gives the hindwing an almost black appee- 
rance. Guayana. ab. guiensis R7zff. has the median band of the hindwing club-shaped, beginning quite guiensis. 
narrow at the anal margin, and widening towards the apex; British Guayana. — In melanops Weym. (72 c) melanops. 
the median band of the hindwing confluesces with the black termen, rendering the lower half of the wing entirely 
black; likewise from Guayana. — superioris tir. (= maecenas Weym.) has on.the forewing the oblique band superioris. 
narrower or broken up into spots, the median band of the hindwing separated from the black termen by a streak 
of the brown-yellow ground-colour. From Amazonas. — A similar form is gordius Weym. (72d) from the Up- gordius. 
per Amazon, but here the apex of the forewing is very broadly and contiguously sulphur-yellow, spotted with brown- 
yellow. — ab. isabellinus Bates (72 ¢) has the sulphur-yellow apical half of the forewing tinged with brown- isabellinus. 
yellow, very much like the ground-colour; in mavors Weym. the latter is deeper and duller brown. Both these mavors. 
yellow-brown forms come from the Amazon. — praelautus Stich. is a form from the Ucayali, having the broader praelautus. 
discal band united with the subapical spot, both being of the same colour. Apparently less abundant than narcaea 
although much less scarce than hippola. — geminatus Weym. (= superioris Riff.) (72 d) is characterized by the geminatus. 
very brillant white-yellow apical spots; on the hindwing the band is not only completely separated from the 
still very broad, black termen, but dissolves into barely connected triangular spots; the apex and termen occasio- 
nally with small pale yellow spots. — nubifer Bélr. from Fonteboa has the ground-colour mahogani-brown, nubifer. 
with broader black bands, but without the whitish spots visible in the apical area or on the under surface of 
geminatus. Widely distributed on the Amazon: Para, Santarem, Obidos, Teffé; locally common. 

H. silvana comprises more than half a dozen of forms. Wings very long, smaller than in the preceding spe- 
cies; the sulphur-yellow band of the forewings gradually shades into the ground-colour, without being separated 
by black. From the typical silvana Cr. (= clara Hbn.) (72), from Venezuela, Guayana and North-Brazil, silvanc. 
ethra Hbn. (= dryalus Hpffr., zuleika Buch., hopfferi Neust.) (72) is at once distinguished by the very heavy ethra. 
black markings; on the hindwing the band is deep black throughout, not interrupted, very slightly denticulate, 
its outer edge encroached upon by rays emitted from the broadly black termen. The costal band of the fore- 
wing is tinged with brillant sulphur-yellow, the wedge-shaped discal spot large, drawn-out to a sharp point near 
the base of the cell. In its entire appearance it is so much like narcaea flavomaculata that they can hardly be 
distinguished from ane another when flying. I also took it at Bahia near the cemetery, in the same places 
2s flavomaculata. — brasiliensis Newst. (72d) is intermediate between ethra and robigus. — In robigus brasiliensis. 
Weym. (724), from Southern Brazil, the forewing is divided into a black apical half and a brown-yellow 72% 
inner half, gradually shading into lemon-yellow distally, with an almost isolated, generally not very large, 
discal spot; when flying it may be mistaken for narcaea satis on account of the absence of the lemon-yellow 
band of the hindwing. — diffusa Btlr. refers to the Para form, hardly to be distinguished from typical silvana; diffusa. 
the median band of the hindwing is completely cut off from the black termen, but contiguous and outwardly 
denticulate. — The most northerly form is metaphorus Weym. (= antioquensis Stgr., ocanna Buch.) from metaphorus. 
Colombia and Ecuador; Costa more deeply black, the discal spot larger, the yellow transverse band of the 
forewing more sharply separated from the ground-colour, the median band of the hindwings reduced to a mere 
trace at the apex. — Farther south, along the west-coast of South-America, we find in Peru mirifica Stich., mirifica. 
which has on the forewing the outer spots subhyaline and partially suffused with blackish; the median band of 
the hindwing consists of triangular, isolated spots, giving it a superficial resemblance to mirus, which has, 
however, the spots of the forewings not transparent. — adela Neust. has the shape and apical macular band adela. 
of silvana, but otherwise rather resembles narcaea; indeed its author considers it to be a species of its own; 
from Iquitos. Of all these forms I have only observed in nature robigus and ethra, which in Brazil associated, 
though always singly, with the other brown-yellow Helionius. 
H. eucoma. The twelve forms which are known of this species, inhabit the Amazon Valley and Peru, 
extending northward as far as Panama. The figured metalilis Bélr. (— metabilis Ky.) (72e) resembles in its metalilis. 
outward appearance a small-sized, faded telchinia, together with which it is found in Colombia. But it also 
occurs in Venezuela and even an the island of Curagao. Whether specimens from these localities re- 
semble in every respect the figured specimen, I cannot decide, having none from the island at hand. — 
