semiflavida. 
claudia. 
eucoma. 
tyndarus. 
aérotome. 
flavofas- 
ciata. 
ethilla. 
flavidus. 
cephallenia. 
juntana. 
mentor. 
numismati- 
cus. 
gradatus. 
thielet. 
sulphureus. 
paraénsis. 
latus. 
aulicus. 
zobryst. 
schulzt. 
vetustus. 
metellus. 
mira. 
380 HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
semiflavida Weym.(—daguanus Stgr.) has the transverse band of the forewing very brillant lemon-yellow, the black 
median band of the hindwing broader than in metalilis; from Cauca and Dagua (Colombia). — claudia Godm. and 
Salv. from Panama is distinguished by the darker ground-colour, which is mahogany instead of yellowish- brown. 
This, together with the reduced median band of the hindwing, gives it a great resemblance to Hel. clara, 
with which this form associates in Panama. — eucoma Hbn. Typical specimens as found on the Lower Ama- 
zon, are yellow-brown; forewing with the apex black, enclosing minute yellow spots; the costal margin united 
with the discal spot; on the submedian vein always a broad streak; the median band on the hindwing con- 
tiguous, differing in this from claudia; otherwise resembling tyndarus Weym. (72), but not so dark, rather 
yellow-brown; occurs in Bolivia. — aérotome Fldr. (72 f, wrongly named gradatus), from Peru and the adja- 
cent parts of Brazil, has the ground-colour likewise dark, deep chestnut-brown, sharply contrasting with the 
yellow band of the forewing and the small apical spots. — ab. flavofasciata Weym. is an unusual aber- 
ration of the typical ewcoma, found with the latter at Para; hindwing with a yellow anterior band, giving it a 
close resemblance to several [tomdinae occurring with it at the mouth of the Amazon. — ethilla Godt. which 
also belongs here, is probably identical with flavidus Weym.; should this prove true, it would be the first-descri- 
bed form of the group as well as the type. It resembles exactly semiflavida Weym., but has not only the 
forewing largely sulphur-yellow, but also on the hindwing, between median band and costal margin, a broad 
streak, the brown-yellow ground-colour being limited to the veins at the base of the forewings and a streak 
along the inner margin; from Venezuela. — cephallenia Fldr., which is unknown to me, is said to have the 
entire hindwing black-brown, with the exception of a narrow yellow-brown band behind the costal margin; 
from Surinam. — juntana Riff. from West-Colombia closely resembles semiflavida, but has the apex altogether 
black, without any light spots. — mentor Weym., from Cauca is not unlike the figured metalilis (72 e), but of 
broader build; forewings with clear sulphur-yellow spots, that are neither hyaline nor dusted over with fuscous, 
but smaller and more isolated; on the forewing the black apical area is bordered with sulphur-yellow; on the 
hindwing the median band frequently dissolved into spots. — Finally there remains to be mentioned numisma- 
ticus Weym. (72 e), which is sufficiently characterized by our figure; from the Lower Amazon. All the forms 
of this species seem to be rather scarce, and are comparatively rare in collections. 
H. gradatus Weym. (73 b) closely resembles nwmatus and melanops in the broad median band of the hind- 
wings which is scarcely separated from the equally broad black termen. Forewings with deep black apex, in- 
wardly bordered by a clear yellow band interrupting the brown-yellow ground-colour which is but slightly 
spotted with black; from Pebas on the Amazon. — thielei Riff. from Cayenne has 3 yellow subapical spots. 
H. sulphureus Weym. (721) from the Rio Negro in Brazil has the ground-colour pale sulphur-yellow, 
only the veins and the black submedian band slightly shaded with ferruginous. 
H, paraénsis Riff. closely resembles ewcoma, but is larger, and the yellow band of the forewings is more 
denticulate distally and less sharply defined; the black submedian streak traverses the entire forewing; on the 
hindwing the black terminal border is at the middle broader than in ewcoma, the median band continuous, not 
denticulate: in the outer half about 3 mm. wide, slightly tapering towards the inner margin. Upper surface of 
the forewing with apical spots, of the hindwing without terminal spots; these however are present underneath, 
where the bess | area is almost entirely sulphur-yellow. Para.—latus R7ff., from Itaituba on the Rio Tapajos, 
has on the forewings above the submedian stripe broader, and the yellow band, especially on the veins, dusted 
with brownish; on the hindwing the median band considerably broader. 

H. aulicus Weym., from Venezuela, is closely related to ewcoma, but the black apex of the forewing 
lacks the yellow spots, and the sulphur-yellow transverse band is, like that of latus, feebly denticulate, also 
distally; the black spot at the end of the cell irregular, occasionally separated from the black costa; the sub- 
median stripe beginning as a narrow line, gradually growing broader towards the termen. The median band 
of the hindwing made up of elongate, proximally confluescent spots, at the apex united with the black costa. 
— zobrysi Fruhst. from Matto Grosso chiefly differs from typical aulicus Riff. in having on the forewing, the 
basal streak in the cell reduced and on the hindwings the black bands broader. 
H. schulzi Riff. Forewing with very broad, sulphur-yellow band, costa and submedian finely black, 
the wedge-shaped spot small, oval, not drawn out to a point; hindwings almost as in silvana (72 ¢), but the 
median band not curved, separated at the inner margin and broken up into small spots; at the apex 2 or 3 
large sulphur-yellow spots. Para. 
H. vetustus Bélr. differs from the figured metellus Weym. (72 f) in having the ground-colour brillant 
orange, not chestnut-brown. The forewings resemble those of schulzi, but have the yellow oblique band narrower; 
from Guayana; metellus from the Lower Amazon has on the forewing the black spots larger, likewise the apex 
and anal angle more black. 
H. novatus. Among the forms referred to this species, the most lovely is mira Weym. (73 a) from Peru. 
