euphone. 
pretiosus. 
staudingert, 
messene. 
idalion. 
floridus. 
ithaka. 
viltatus. 
marius. 
cajetant. 
dilalus. 
radiosus. 
pardalinus. 
lucescens. 
maeon. 
tithoreides. 
spurius. 
forlunatus. 
sergestus. 
382 HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
the middle of the wing. — euphone Fldr., widely distributed in north-eastern South-America, resembles 
Hel. tarapotensis, but the black markings are heavier, more profuse, and the band of the hindwings is not made 
up of an incomplete row of spots, but forms a complete and contiguous median fascia, recalling a strongly 
marked Melin. menophilus. — This similarity exists also in pretiosus Weym. (72e); hindwing with the band 
almost complete, the apex of the forewing laved with rufous; from Sarayacu in Peru. — staudingeri Weym. 
(73 e) is somewhat larger, with the black spots on the forewings more contiguous; Huallaga. — messene Fidr., 
one of the more common of Bogota-butterflies, particularly abundant in the higher, more open districts of 
Colombia, represents a melanotic form of ewphone; forewing with the entire apical and basal areas black, leaving 
only an inwardly brown, outwardly yellow band; hindwings chiefly brown-black. It thus closely resembles 
Mechanitis messenoides (33 f) and Melinaea messenina, two Danaids named after it, the latter very much like 
mothone (32 e), but differing from it in having on the forewing the band outwardly lemon-yellow. Hel. messene, 
Melin. messenina and Mech. messenoides are always found together, being on the wing only distinguished by their 
size. — idalion Weym. is closely allied to ewphone, the only chief differences being the very distinct apical spots 
of the forewings, the 3 upper ones of which are nearly united, whereas the lower one, as well as the broader 
submedian band and wedge-shaped cell-spot are small. Colombia. — The last form is floridus Weym. (73 ¢), 
widely distributed through northern South-America, especially also in Bolivia and Peru. It may be recognized 
‘by having in the apical area of the forewing two lemon-yellow macular bands, separated from one another by 
the brown-yellow ground-colour. 
H. ithaka Fidr. (73 f) from Colombia resembles in the forewing ewphrasius (73 b), but has the ground- 
colour clearer yellow-brown, less obscured with fuscous; the hindwing, however, is completely black, with 
the exception of a transcellular dash of rufous and 38—5 small white anteterminal spots. — ab. vittatus 
Bilr., likewise from Colombia, has the forewing as in ithaka, but the hindwings lighter, not quite black, but only 
with a black median band made up of spots which are confluescent above. — In ab. marius Weym. (73 b) the 
black colouring is even more reduced, the spots of the forewing are smaller, those of the median band of the 
hindwing separated; from Colombia, especially Muzo, San Martin; formerly often found in so-called “Bogota’’- 
collections. — cajetani Newst. resembles typical ithaka, but the black median spot is bisected, confluescing 
with the termen in cell 4, where it cuts off a sulphur-yellow spot of the oblique band. The terminal spot in 
cell 3 likewise very large, being united with a portion of the upper median spot; forewing with 3 yellow apical 
spots. Colombia. — ithaka seems to be rather common in the valleys surrounding Monte Tolima. 
H. pardalinus and its forms seem to take farther south the place of the preceding species, inhabiting 
the Amazon-Valley, Ecuador, Peru and Polivia. — dilatus Weym. (73e) from Ecuador and Peru is dull yellow- 
ish-brown; the forewings strongly spotted with black, the apex yellow-brown, with lemon-yellow spots of va- 
riable number and size and dissected by black veins. — radiosus Btlr. differs but very slightly in the somewhat 
duller colouring, and the broader black border and median band of the hindwing. This, especially if the lemon- 
yellow apical spots of the forewing are rather large, gives it a deceptive resemblance to the form floridus of the 
preceding group. — pardalinus Bat. from the Upper Amazon is like radiosus, but the ground-colour is even 
darker brown, more strongly contrasting with the generally broader, whitish-yellow transverse band of the 
forewing; the apex itself entirely black, whereas in radiosus and dilatus it encloses on the forewing some dashes 
of ferruginous. — lucescens Weym. from the Lower Amazon (particularly from Santarem where a great number 
of Heliconius are found), but occurring aberratively also on the Upper Amazon, together with the typical form, 
has the apex much more profusely adorned with lemon-yellow of which occasionally a bright band extends to 
beyond the submedian vein, sometimes faded to bone-white. — maeon Weym. (habitat not known, but 
without any doubt the Amazon) resembles dilatus, but has the brown oblique band of the forewing narrower 
and rather broken up into spois, the black discal spots large, confluescent, and on the hindwing the median band 
dissolved into triangular spots. — tithoreides Stgr. from Peru resembles radiosus, but is of larger size, the wings 
are broader, the black markings increased, more confluescent, on the hindwing the median band more regular 
and continuous. 

H. fortunatus. On account of the great variability of the markings characteristic of the genus, 
it is difficult to decide whether the two forms referred to this species should not rather be classed with some 
other group. — spurius Weym. (74a) from the Lower Amazon closely resembles floridus (73 ¢) in all but the 
apical area, which displays a series of lemon-yellow spots and is separated from the yellow-brown discal area by 
an oblique band, remarkable on account of its unusually horizontal course from the middle of the costa to 
the middle of the termen. — fortunatus Weym. from Villa Bella on the Lower Amazon, possesses also this almost 
horizontal band, but lacks the apical row of spots, and has on the hindwing the black median band strongly 
denticulate. 
H. sergestus Weym. (74 a) is probably the southern representative of the preceding group, being found 
in Peru, where GARLEPP discovered it at Tarapoto. Resembles the preceding, also in the brillant rufous colour- 
