HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Sezrrz. 383 
ing, the apex being always immaculately black as in typical fortunatus; on the forewing the lemon-yellow 
band somewhat steeper and narrower; the hindwing very bright rufous, with narrow median band and narrow, 
black, inwardly frayed termen. 
H. ennius Weym. (74 a), from Amazonas, is black, yellowish-brown and lemon-yellow, the colours being ennius. 
distributed very much as in the preceding; but it is easily distinguished by the band of the forewing being steeper, 
slightly curved and not so close to the termen at the middle. It is followed by a subapical row of small 
white spots, and again, immediately before the termen, a series of pale spots, rather complete in the typical 
form, but interrupted or entirely obsolete in the much blacker form nigrofasciatus Weym. (74 a) from the Rio xigrofascia- 
Madeira; this latter has also the curved lemon-yellow transverse band reduced by the increased black colour- ™* 
ing, with its inner edge irregularly defined. But the hindwings are in both forms alike, having a rather broad, 
isolated, distally dentate median band and the termen inwardly deeply dentate, broad, with white terminal spots 
arranged in pairs. 
H. quitalena displays in its typical form a pattern which is somewhat different from that of the hi- 
therto described forms; the ground-colour of quitalena Hew. (73 f) is not bean-yellow or ochreous-brown, but quitalena. 
a brillant orange-red; the black apical area of the forewings contains two lemon-yellow macular bands 
placed at about equal distance from the termen, from the red discus and from one another; on the hindwing a 
greatly reduced, although contiguous, median band, and white terminal spots, arranged in pairs on the narrow 
black terminal border. — In felix Weym. (74 b) from Bolivia and Peru the forewing has in addition on the ter- felix. 
men 2 third row of spots, and the median band of the hindwing is broken up into small black wedges. — con- consors. 
sors Weym. (74b), although on the whole more black, has the markings still thin enough not to interfere with 
the brillant fulvous ground-colour. But on the forewings the light apical spots are greatly reduced, being only re- 
presented by one row and traces of a second; like the preceding, from Peru and Bolivia. — sisyphus Salv. sisyphus. 
from Peru resembles felix, but has the ground-colour duller and darker, the transverse band of the forewing 
not sulphur-yellow, but like the ground-colour. — jonas Weym., likewise from Peru, also resembles felix, but jonas. 
with deep yellow-brown ground-colour and the black markings diminished to such a degree that they do not 
encroach upon the oblique band which is broadly and uninterruptedly yellow. — versicolor Weym. (74 b) from versicolor. 
the Rio Madeira is at once distinguished by the ochreous spots on the apex of the forewing, which latter 
appears in consequence mottled with brown, black and lemon-yellow, recalling dilatus (73 e). 
H. anderida. The forms which are referred to this group, differ greatly in colouring and markings from 
each other, and it is probable that the study of their anatomical structure which unfortunately has not been 
made as yet, will separate some of them. The name-type anderida Hew. (73 f) is bright red-brown, with the anderida. 
basal area of the forewing brillant fulvous. Both the apical and transverse bands break up into a number of 
isolated pale spots; the submedian band a fine line, the median band of the hindwing narrow. The species 
has 2 wide range extending from Venezuela to Colombia, and in Central America to Honduras, but seems 
rather local. — Quite a different aspect is presented by clara F. (= melicerta Bat.) (73f) from Guayana, clara. 
Colombia and Panama, which undoubtedly has undergone some mimetic change that has rendered it so unlike 
the type. Ground-colour much duller brown, the forewing with very slightly spotted, broadly black apex and 
an irregular oblique band dissected by the discocellular spot; hindwing without any median band, but with 
broadly black termen. It associates with the very similar Melinaea idae (33 c), Mechanitis macrinus (34 b) and 
Callithomia beronilla (36 c). — semiphorus Stgr. from Colombia resembles clara, but has on the hindwing the semiphorus. 
terminal border narrower, with a median band branching off from it at the apex, dissolving into spots towards 
the middle. — holeophorus Sigr. (74b) from Colombia reapproaches the type again, but the median band is holcophorus. 
very brillant lemon-yellow, irregularly dentate, but only reaching to the lower median nervule, where it is sharply 
separated from the dull rufous ground-colour. — annetta Riff., likewise from Colombia, has the forewings annetta. 
marked as in anderida, whereas the hindwings display the peculiar pattern of semiphorus. —albucilla Bat. from albucilla. 
Panama exactly resembles anderida, but the apical spots and the oblique band are white instead of yellow. 
— zuleika Hew. (74) from Central America has undergone such a complete mimetic change that it is hard zuleika. 
to believe it to be the same species as anderida. Although of larger size, it closely resembles the (in Central 
America) so greatly favoured models of Callithomia Lezia (36 b), Ceratinia callispila (35 a) and Dircenna cele- 
mia (37 c). Forewing deep black, dusted with red-brown at base and inner margin, the apex heavily spotted 
with yellow or white, the latter form being ab. albipunctata Riff., especially found on the Volcano Chiriqui. — albipune- 
chrysantis Godm. and Salv. from Nicaragua has on the forewing the spots united into a chain, and the cell of eae 
the hindwings traversed by a sulphur-yellow band. — xanthica Bat. from Panama resembles zulecka (74 ¢), canthica. 
but has not only the basal area of the forewing, but its entire inner half brown, even the black discocellular 
spot being surrounded by the brown ground. — jucunda Bat., likewise from Panama, is like xanthica, but has jucunda. 
the ground-colour darker brown, with white, instead of yellow, apical spots. — A completely black ground- 
colour we find in fornarina Hew. (74 c) from Guatemala, only interrupted on the forewing by the apical spots fornarina. 
and the brillant lemon-yellow, strongly dentate transverse band. — discomaculatus Weym. is in.2 way inter- discomacu- 
mediate between zuleika and fornarina (74); resembling the latter, but with brown hindwings and similar date: 
